托福写作中常用错的5组词汇

托福写作中常用错的 5 组词汇 一、compare 与 contrast 的误用 我们先从两者的定义入手来看两者的区别。 Compare 的定义为：to examine people or things to see how they are similar or different. Contrast 的 定 义 为 ： to compare two or more things to show the difference between them.由定义不难看出前者侧重于找到两个或多个事物 的异同,而后者则侧重于它们的不同。 看个例句： It is interesting to compare their situations to ours./It is interesting to contrast their situations to ours. 前一句翻译为：对比一下我们的情况与他们的情况会很有趣。 后一句的翻译为：我们的情况与他们的情况有很大的不同,这很有趣。 再看一个引自 OXFORD ADBANCED LEARNER’S DICTIONARY 的例子： There is an obvious contrast between the culture of East and West. The company lost $7 million in contrast to a profit of $6.2 million a year earlier. When you look at their new system, ours seems very old-fashioned by contrast. 不难发现,Compare 翻译为“与……相比”而 contrast 可译为“明显不同的 是……”，切记这种翻译方式就不会用错彼此了。 二、介词使用错误 1、普通介词的误用 一般表现为固定搭配错误,如常把 provide sb with sth 用成 provide sb sth; be satisfied with 用成 be satisfied for 等,虽然这样的错误看似无伤大雅， 但在考官眼里就是影响顺畅阅读的,当然会影响最终成绩。解决的办法简单而 古老：把常见的固定搭配牢记于心,问题自然就解决了。 2、“to”作为介词的误用 “to”最常见的用法是以动词不定式符号的形式出现的,所以同学们也已 经习惯了“to do”的固定搭配。对于一些如 walk to me, to the left 等介词 to 表方向等常见用法一般也不会出现错误。但是对于与动词搭配的介词 to 就会 经常犯错： 如：More and more students have taken to depend on their parents to make decision for them. 这里的‘take to’ means ‘to begin to do sth as a habit’其中‘to’为 介词,所以后面只能接名词或相当于名词的词,如动名词。所以黑体处应改为 “depending on”。“take to”的另一个常用用法也需要牢记： He hasn’t taken to his new school. (这里‘take to’ means ‘to start liking sb or sth’) Prefer A to B 中的“to”也是介词,会有 prefer doing sth to doing sth/ prefer sth to sth else,“prefer to do sth rather than do sth”中的“to”可是 真正的不定式符号。 类似的常用用法请同学们牢记： Be used to doing Be accustomed to doing See to doing Adapt to doing Adjust to doing prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 三、assume 及 claim 使用不够准确 我们知道, think, assume, claim 是议论文中常用引出观点的动词。在实 际作文中,同学们往往认为几个词的意思是一样的,完全可以代换,所以拿过来 就用。甚至还有同学把 consider 也拿过来与之混用。我们首先还是从定义来 看这几个词的不同： Think： to have opinion or belief about sth. 翻译为“认为”,通常接宾语从句来表达比较确定的观点。 Assume： to think or accept that sth is true but without having proof of it. 翻译为“假设、假定”,是否有事实依据是不确定的。 Claim： to say sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believe it. 翻译为“声称”,用这个词往往意味着不赞同紧跟其后的观点,所以很少用作 ‘I claim that… Scientist are claiming a breakthrough in the fight against cancer, but in fact, …。 所 以 ‘ It is claimed that’ 通 常 翻 译 为 “ 有 报 道 称 。 。 。 ” 。 和 ‘ it is reported that ’的区别在于后者翻译为“据报道”,往往代表着作者赞同报告的 内容, Consider： to think about sth carefully, especially in order to make a decision 翻译为“考虑”,一般不用作引出观点,看个例子： We are considering buying a new car. 所以,千万不要在托福写作的第一段(观点表达段)就因为用词把握不准而 导致对整篇文章的低分印象。 四、表“建议”的词汇后面忘记用虚拟从句 这是摘自学生托福作文中的一个病句： I suggest he continues his study instead of working after graduation from high school. 因为‘suggest’翻译为“建议”,所以后面的从句应该用虚拟语气,黑体部分 应该改为“(should) continue” 所以考生一定要牢记以下常见表“建议”的词汇,而且要记住这些词接从句 时要用虚拟语气： Recommend, suggest, advise 五、such as 与 for example 的混用 我们知道,在表示举例子的时候,such as 与 like 是完全等同的,如：Wild flowers such as/like orchids and primroses are becoming rare. 但是同学们对于 Such as、for example 的把握还是不够准确。我们都知 道,后者接句子前者接词语表示举例子。于是就有了下面的写法： There is a similar word in many languages, such as in French and Italian. 这里的 such as 改为 for example 为好,因为“in French and Italian”其 实是“there is a similar word in French and Italian” 的简化,所以要用 for example 来引出例证。再来看几个类似的例子： It is possible to combine computer science with other subjects, for example physics. 托福独立写作高分范文——投资道路还是公共交通 优秀的新托福写作文章大家也一定看过不少，但是谁不想多储备点文章 呢?下面请看小编为大家带来的一篇经典写作文章，希望同学们看完能够有 所启发。 Should governments spend more money on improving roads and highways, or should governments spend more money on improving public transportation (buses, trains, subways)? Why? Use specific reasons and details to develop your essay. 托福写作参考范文： Should governments spend more money on improving roads and highways or on improving public transportations? There seems to be a difficult problem since many reasons should be involved.However, after carefully pondering it, I buttress the last one, spending the money on improving public transportation. The reasons are presented below: There is no denying that improving the public transportation will surely alleviate the pollution given off by enormous cars. If a city has not a developed public transportation, the air will be polluted more heavily. What a dirty environment we will live in! Every day breathing into the air filled with the flour of the gasoline, seeing the sky with the dull color will be the title of our life.So the essence of environment has been realized by an increasingly number of people, to the governments, the protection of environment is especially an undeniable mission. Another reason I agree with it is that developed public transportation will decrease the frequency of the traffic jams. Perhaps no worse word than “traffic jams” exists, to the businessmen who believe in “Time is money”. Traffic jams not only cost the people time and expense, but also create a bad mood for work. It greatly decreases the efficiency of the whole city. I imagine how can a city whose avenue full of traffic jams develop its economics? Finally, I want to say that improving the public transportation provide a great number of ways of transportation for most of the poor people who can not afford to buy a car. It is known that our citizens is not made of only people who has the ability to own a car, but the very poor people are also included. I believe that however the technology is improved, the public apparatus should not be ignored, because it serves the people all over the city. Nevertheless, the private transportation has its own advantages, for instance, it can save a lot of time in some cases, provide some convenience for people. But improving on roads and highways is advantageous only conditionally. Based on the above discussion, I agree with the opinion that the government should spend money on improving public transportation not only it can protect environment and save time for people, but it also can create a convenient environment for all the citizens. 其实对于考试本身来说，我们并不介意大家去背文章，因为在一些经典 文章中，我们能学到的东西有很多，比如说语法结构、句子的使用、观点的 表达等。所以说大家在备考的时候就要学会对文章进行分解，从而得到对自 己真正有用的东西。