敦煌莫高窟英文介绍怎么说

敦煌莫高窟英文介绍 Mogao Grottoes is situated 25km southeast ofDunhuang city, Gansu province,in Daquan rivervalley at the foot of Echoing-sand Mountain facingSanwei Mountain. 莫高窟位于甘肃省敦煌市东南 25 公里处，在鸣沙山脚下的大泉河谷钟， 面朝三危山。 On the cliff face over 1 600m long from south tonorth 492 caves survived the time,various in size andclustered higher or lower all over the cliff. 在悬崖上从南到北 1 600 多米，492 洞穴长幸存下来,规模不同，或高或 低的聚集在悬崖上。 In the caves are vivid statues,elegant apsaras, amazing murals ,and exquisitely arranged lotusbricks, creating a holy world of Buddhism. 洞穴中是栩栩如生的雕像,优雅的飞天,神奇的壁画,和精巧安排的莲花砖, 创建了一个神圣的佛教的世界。 The first Mogao grottoes were carved in 366,and the carving went on through the followingdynasties of North Liang, North Wei, West Wei, North Zhou,Sui,Tang,Five Dynasties,Song,WestXia,and Yuan. 在 366 年雕刻了第一个莫高窟,雕刻在随后的朝代中北梁北,西,北,隋、唐、 五代、宋、夏西,元仍继续着。 There remain by now over 45 000m2 murals and more than 2 400 statues,the tallest statueexceeding 30m and the largest mural covering about 50m2. 现在仍有 45000 多平方米的壁画和超过 2 400 尊的雕像，最高的雕像超 过 30 米,最大的壁画有约 50 平方米。 These statues and murals constitute a mirror of China in the thousand years from the 4th tothe 14th century,reflecting the society, production, life, transportation, architecture, art,music, dance, customs, and religion of the people. 这些雕像和壁画成了中国从 4 世纪到 14 世纪一千年的一面镜子,反映了 社会、生产、生活、交通、建筑、建筑、艺术、音乐、 舞蹈、习俗和宗教信 仰的人。 The artistic content of the grottoes is exceedingly rich as an integrated art ofarchitecture,sculpture and fresco, 石窟极其丰富的艺术内容，集聚建筑,雕塑和壁画艺术, reflecting not only the acceptance of Buddhism in Dunhuang area,but also the history andsociety as well as economy of the area, 不仅反映了敦煌地区接受佛教,也反映了这片区域的历史、社会和经济, and providing a vivid illustration of the localization of Buddhism in China and the capacity ofChinese people in their absorbing and remodeling of foreign cultures. 并提供了一个佛教在中国本地化的生动的插图和中国人民的对外国 文化 的吸收和改造的能力。 These artistic creations of religion,grand in scale and stunning in number, 这些宗教艺术的创作,规模宏大,数量惊人, provide the valuable data for the study of the social life,ethnic relation, and cross-cultureexchange in ancient China. 为研究中国古代社会生活,民族关系,和跨文化交流提供了有价值的数据。 In 1961 ,Mogao Grottoes was recognized by State Council as a key historical site under stateprotection, 1961 年,莫高窟被国务院公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位, and in 1987,UNESCO inscribed it on World Heritage List as a cultural heritage of the world 在 1987 年被联合国教科文组织以世界文化遗产收录在世界遗产名录中。 敦煌莫高窟自然概况 Located on the eastern slope of Rattling Sand Mountain(Mingshashan) southeast of Dunhuang City in Gansu Province ， the Mogao Grottoes(also known as Thousand Buddha Cave)is one of three noted grottoes in China and also the largest，best preserved and ,richest treasure house of Buddhist art in the world. 莫高窟也称干佛洞，位十甘肃省敦熄市东南鸣沙山的东麓。莫高窟是中 国三大名窟之一，也是世界上现存规模最大、保存最完好、内容最丰富的佛 教艺术地。 In AD 366，during the Eastern Jin Dynasty，a monk named Yue Seng chiseled the first cave here. The endeavor continued through later dynasties，including the Northern Wei(386 一 534)，Western Wei(535 一 556) ， Northern Zhou(557 一 581) ， Sui(581 一 618) ， Tang (618 一 907)，Five Dynasties ( 907 一 960 )，Song (960-1279 )，Western Xia(1038 一 1227)and Yuan(1279 一 1368)，resulting in the fantastic group of caves that can been seen today. 公元 366 年，在东晋时期，一位名叫乐傅的僧人在这里开凿了第一个洞 窟。开凿活动持续了随后的几个王朝，包括北魏(386 一 534 ) ,西魏(535 一 556 )，北周(557 一 581 )，隋(581 一 618)，唐( 618 一 907 )，五代(907 一 960 )，宋( 960—1279 )，西夏(1038 一 1227)和元(1279 一 1368)，最终形成 了今日所看到的宏伟洞窟群。 Today，492 caves still stand，containing some 2 100 colored statues and 45 000 square meters of murals. These murals ， if joined together ， would cover a length of 30 kilometers.The caves vary in size The smallest one just allows a head's space ， while the largest one stretches from the foot to the top of the mountain ， having a height of over 40 meters. The colored statues also differ in size ， ranging from a few centimeters to 33 meters high ， embodying the remarkable imagination of their makers. 莫高窟现存 492 个洞窟，洞窟内存有 2 100 尊彩塑和大约 45 000 平方米 壁画如果把它们全部加在一起，这些壁画的长度超过了 30 千米。这些洞窟 大小各异，最小的只有人头大小，而最大的则从山脚延伸到山顶，高度超过 40 米。彩塑也大小不同，高度从几厘米到 33 米不等，充分展示了作者超凡 的想象力。 Despite years of erosion，the murals are still brightly colored ，with clear lines. Through pictures of different styles and schools drawn in different historical periods，they tell Buddhist stories and ways as well as life in the secular world. All these ， plus a largest quantity of Buddhist sutras and relics kept in the caves have provided valuable material for a study of ancient China's politics , economy，and culture and arts。as well as its science and technology ， military affairs ， and religion ， documenting national history as well as cultural exchanges between China and the world. 尽管历经一千多年的风雨侵蚀，这些壁画依然色彩鲜艳，线条清晰。不 同时期各种风格和教派的壁画向我们讲述了佛教故事以及当年现实世界中人 们的一此生话方式、这些壁画连同大址的佛经和佛教遗物一起，为我们研究 古代中国的经济、政治、文化、艺术、科学技术、军事、宗教、历史以及中 国与外界的文化交往等都提供了大量的宝贵资料。 In 1987，UNESCO placed the Mogao Grottoes under the protection of the world cultural heritage list. 1987 年，联合国教科文组织把莫高窟列入《世界文化遗产名录》。 The architectural art of Mogao Grottoes is mainly noted for the format.The painted statues in Mogao Grottoes are basically themed on Buddhism figures and their pursuit for nirvana. The murals of Mogao Grottoes take up the largest proportion of grotto art creations and the subjects are also the most comprehensive，which is an exclusive feature to Longmen Grottoes and Yungang Grottoes，and upique in the world as well.If put together one after the other ， the 45000 ㎡ murals of Mogao Grottoes would extend as long as 25km. Western scholars remarked the murals as“a library on the wall". 莫高窟的建筑艺术主要是指 i 洞窟的形制。莫高窟的彩塑多数反映佛教 人物及其修行涅槃事迹的造像。敦煌莫高窟石窟艺术中数量最大、内容最丰 富的精髓部分是壁画，这是龙门石窟和云冈石窟所没有的，也是世界独一无 二的。如果把莫高窟林林总总的 4. 5 万平方米壁画一张张连接起来的话，其 长度可达 25 公里。西方学者将敦煌壁画称作是“墙壁上的图书馆”。 敦煌莫高窟主要景点 Avalookitesvara，on the north in the west wall shrine in Cave 45 第 45 窟观音菩西壁龛内北侧的萨像 The Bodhisattva on the north of the central platform in Cave 196 第 196 窟中心佛坛北侧的菩萨像 The truncated pyramid ceiling of Cave 305 第 305 的覆斗式洞窟 Apsaras flying through a tower ， on the upper of the north wall in Cave 2I7 第 217 窟北壁上部的穿楼飞天图(盛唐) The mural of hunting in Cave 249 第 249 窟的狩猎图(西魏) The format of“central stupa-pillar" of Cave 228 第 228 窟的中心塔柱式石窟 Buddha'sconverting of 500 outlaws，on the south wall of Cave 285 第 285 流南壁的五百强盗成佛图(西魏) Head shaving，painted on the north wall in Cave 445 第 445 窟北壁的剃度图 Musicians，painted on the north wall of Cave 220 第 220 窟北壁的乐舞图(初唐) Cave 17-the“Sutra Cave" 第 17 窟的藏经洞 The painted statues in their shrine on the west wall of Cave 328 第 328 窟西壁的佛宠彩塑 The only photo of Taoist Wang so far found in the world 唯一流传于世的王道士像 Buddha'spreaching，painted on the south wall of Cave 320 第 320 窟南壁的说法图(盛唐) Bodhisattva，on the south of the west wall shrine in Cave 420 第 420 窟西壁完内南侧的菩萨像 Ananda，Bodhisativa，Malla，and Kassapa in Cave 45 第 45 窟内的阿难、菩萨、力士、迦叶像(盛唐) Portraits of cave donors on the south of the east wall in Cave 61 第 61 窟内东壁南侧的供养人壁画((五代) Big statue of Maitreya in Cave 130 第 130 窟内的石胎泥塑弥勒巨像 Other Attractions Around the Place