小学英语考试实用的复习资料

some /any 肯定句：I have some toys in my bedroom. 一 般 疑 问 句 和 否 定 句 中 ： Do you have any brothers or sisters? He doesn’t have any pencils in his pencil case. 表 示 建 议 、 请 求 等 ： Would you like some juice? Can I have some stamps? 祈使句 Sit down, please. Don’t open the door.. Let’s go to the park. 一：学生易错词汇 1. a, an 的选择: 元音字母开头的单词用 an，辅音字母开头的单词用辅音字母开头的单词用 a. 2. am , is , are 的选择: 单数用 is , 复数用 are. I 用 am , you 用 are. 3. have , has 的选择: 表示某人有某物。单数用 has , 复数用 have. I ,you 用 have . 4. there is, there are 的选择:表示某地有某物，辅音字母开头的单词用某人。单数用 there is , 复数用 there are. 5. some, any 的选择:肯定句用 some, 疑问句和否定句用 any. 6. 疑问 词的 选择 :what ( 什么 ) who ( 谁) where ( 哪 里 ) whose ( 谁的 ) why(为什么)when(什么时候)which(哪一个)how old (多大) how many (多 少)how much(多少钱) 二：形容词比较级详解 当我们需要对事物作出比较时，辅音字母开头的单词用需要用到比较级。比较级的句子结构通 常是： 什么 + 动词 be (am , is , are ) + 形容词比较级 + than(比)+ 什么 ,如： I’m taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重。) An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大。) 形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的，辅音字母开头的单词用它的变化规则是： ① 一般的直接在词尾加 er ，辅音字母开头的单词用如 tall - taller , strong - stronger , ② 以 e 结尾的，辅音字母开头的单词用直接加 r ，辅音字母开头的单词用如 fine – finer , ③ 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的，辅音字母开头的单词用先改 y 为 i 再加 er，辅音字母开头的单词用如 funny - funnier ④ 双写最后的字母再加 er，辅音字母开头的单词用如 big – bigger, thin – thinner ,hot – hotter ☆注意☆ 比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西。 典型错误：My hair is longer than you.(我的头发比你更长。) 比较的两者是我的头发、你(整个人)，辅音字母开头的单词用那么比较的对象就没有可比性。 应 该 改 为 ： My hair is longer than yours. 或 My hair is longer than your hair. 比较级专项练习: 一、从方框中选出合适的单词完成句子 heavy tall long big (1) How is the Yellow River? (2) How is Mr Green? He’s 175cm. (3) How are your feet? I wear size 18. (4)How is the fish? It’s 2kg. 三：动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则 A、规则动词 ① 一般直接在动词的后面加 ed：如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited ② 以 e 结尾的动词直接加 d：如 lived , danced , used ③ 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词要改 y 为 i 再加 ed(此类动词较少 )如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried ( 注意 play、stay 不是辅音 字母加 y,所以不属于此类) ④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则，辅音字母开头的单词用须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原 形和过去式： sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read , fly – flew , am/is – was , are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt 四：动词现在分词详解 动词的 ing 形式的构成规则 ① 一般的直接在后面加上 ing , 如 doing , going , working , singing , eating ② 以 e 结尾的动词，辅音字母开头的单词用要先去 e 再加 ing ，辅音字母开头的单词用如 having , writing ③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有：running , swimming , sitting , getting 五：句型专项归类 1、 肯定句：是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子，辅音字母开头的单词用如：I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital. There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening. 2、否定句：含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子，辅音字母开头的单词用如： I’m not a student. She is not (isn’t) a doctor. He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital. There are not (aren’t) four fans in our classroom. He will not (won’t) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening. ☆注意☆ 小结：否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词 “ not” 。 有 动 词 be 的 句 子 则 “ not” 加 在 be 后 面 ，辅音字母开头的单词用 可 缩 写 成 “isn’t，辅音字母开头的单词用aren’t”，辅音字母开头的单词用但 am not 一般都分开写。没有动词 be 的句子则要先 在主要动词的前面加上一个助动词 (do，辅音字母开头的单词用does，辅音字母开头的单词用did)，辅音字母开头的单词用然后在它后面加上 “not”，辅音字母开头的单词用你也可以把它们缩写在一起如“don’t , doesn’t , didn’t )。这三 个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择，辅音字母开头的单词用其中“does”只用于一般现在时主语是 第三人称单数的情况，辅音字母开头的单词用而“did”只用于一般过去时，辅音字母开头的单词用不论主语是什么人称和 数，辅音字母开头的单词用都用“did” 。 3、一般疑问句：是指询问事实的句子，辅音字母开头的单词用此类句子必须用“yes”，辅音字母开头的单词用或 “no”来回答。 如：Are you a student? Yes, I am / No, I’m not. Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t. Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. Are there four fans in our classroom? Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t. Are you going to buy a comic book tonight? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we aren’t.) Will he eat lunch at 12:00? Yes, I will. / No, I will not(won’t). Are they swimming? Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t. Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t. ☆注意☆ 小结：一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上，辅音字母开头的单词用 ①把动词 be 调到首位，辅音字母开头的单词用其他照写，辅音字母开头的单词用末尾标点符号变成问号即可。 ②没有动词 be 的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词(do，辅音字母开头的单词用does，辅音字母开头的单词用did)再把 紧跟在后面的动词变回原形，辅音字母开头的单词用末尾标点符号变成问号即可。 这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态来选择，辅音字母开头的单词用其中“does”只用于一般现 在时主语是第三人称单数的情况，辅音字母开头的单词用而“did”只用于一般过去时，辅音字母开头的单词用不论主语是 什么人称和数，辅音字母开头的单词用都用“did” 。一般疑问句有个重要的原则就是问和答要一致，辅音字母开头的单词用 即问句里的第一个单词(助动词)和简略答句里的这个词是一致的。 4、特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词 (what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how 等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么，辅音字母开头的单词用不 能用“yes 、no”来回答。如： What is this? It’s a computer. What does he do? He’s a doctor. Where are you going? I’m going to Beijing. Who played football with you yesterday afternoon? Mike. Which season do you like best? Summer. When do you usually get up? I usually get up at 6:30. Whose skirt is this? It’s Amy’s. Why do you like spring best? Because I can plant trees. How are you? I’m fine. / I’m happy. How did you go to Xinjiang? I went to Xinjiang by train. ☆其中 how 又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问，辅音字母开头的单词用 如 ： how many( 多 少 ( 数 量 )), how much( 多 少 ( 钱 )), how tall( 多 高 ), how long(多长), how big(多大), how heavy(多重) 例句：How many pencils do you have? I have three pencils. How many girls can you see? I can see four girls. How many desks are there in your classroom? There are 51. ☆小结：how many 用来提问可数名词的数量，辅音字母开头的单词用主要有以上三种句式搭 配，辅音字母开头的单词用 How many + 名词复数 + do you have? 你有多少……? How many + 名词复数 + can you see? 你能看见多少……? How many + 名词复数 + are there…? 有多少……?