英语基础语法知识点汇总：动词不定式

7. 动词不定式 7.1 不定式作宾语 1) 动词+ 不定式 afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake 举例： The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。 I happen to know the answer to your question. 我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。 2)动词+不定式 ; 动词+宾语+不定式 ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish… I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。 I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持 整洁。 I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。 I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。 3) 动词+疑问词+ to decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。 There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买 哪一种。 注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。 The question is how to put it into practice. 问题是怎样把它付诸实施。 7.1 不定式作宾语 1) 动词+ 不定式 afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake 举例： The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。 I happen to know the answer to your question. 我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。 2)动词+不定式 ; 动词+宾语+不定式 ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish… I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。 I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持 整洁。 I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。 I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。 3) 动词+疑问词+ to decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。 There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买 哪一种。 注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。 The question is how to put it into practice. 问题是怎样把它付诸实施。 7.2 不定式作补语 1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)to do) advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn 例句： a. Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。 b. We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。 Find 的特殊用法： Find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带 to 的动词不定式。find 后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有 get，have。 I found him lying on the ground. I found it important to learn. I found that to learn English is important. 典型例题: The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying 答案：A.find 的宾语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现 在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。 2) to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。 Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(to do)声称), discover, fancy(to do)设想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(to do) 理 解 ), show, suppose, take(to do)以为), understand We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class. 我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。 典型例题 Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented 答案：A. 由 consider to do sth. 排除 B、D。. 此句只说明发明这一 个事实，不定式后用原形即可。而 C 为现在完成时，发明为点动词一般不用 完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因此不选 C。 3) to be +形容词 Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean… The book is believed to be uninteresting. 人们认为这本书没什么意思。 4) there be+不定式 believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand We didn't expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到 会有那么多人在哪里。 注意 ： 有些动词需用 as 短语做补语，如 regard, think believe, take, consider. We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的 老师。 Mary took him as her father . 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。 7.3 不定式主语 1) It's easy (to do)for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了 easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better; the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough It's so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。 It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。 2) It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。 Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(to do)考虑周到的), silly, selfish(to do)自 私的) 例句: It was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。 It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他 们任何东西，这显得太自私了。 注意：1) 其他系动词如，look，appear 等也可用于此句型 2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。 3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用 It is… to…的句型 (to do)对)To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。 (to do)错)It is to believe to see. 7.4 It's for sb.和 It's of sb. 1)for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如 easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible 等： It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外 语是很难的。 2)of sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的 形容词，如 good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。 It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。 for 与 of 的辨别方法： 用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如 果道理上通顺用 of，不通则用 for。如： You are nice. (to do)通顺，所以应用 of)。 He is hard. (to do)人是困难的，不通，因此应用 for。) 7.5 不定式作表语 不定式可放在 be 动词后面，形成表语。例如： My work is to clean the room every day. His dream is to be a doctor. 7.6 不定式作定语 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如： I have a lot of work to do. So he made some candles to give light. 7.7 不定式作状语 1)目的状语 To… only to (to do) 仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(to do)such)… as to… (to do)如此……以便……) He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第 一班车。 I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。 2)作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。 What have I said to make you angry. He searched the room only to find nothing. 3) 表原因 I'm glad to see you. 典型例题 The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___. A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on 答案：B. 如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与 介词连用时，常位于"形容词+动词不定式"结构的末尾。 7.8 用作介词的 to to 有两种用法： 一为不定式+动词原形; 一为介词+名词/动名词, to 在 下面的用法中是第二种，即 to+ 名词/动名词： admit to 承认， confess to 承认， be accustomed to 习惯于， be used to 习惯于， stick to 坚持， turn to 开始，着手于， devote oneself to 献身于， be devoted to 致力于， look forward to 盼望， pay attention to 注 意 7.8 用作介词的 to to 有两种用法： 一为不定式+动词原形; 一为介词+名词/动名词, to 在 下面的用法中是第二种，即 to+ 名词/动名词： admit to 承认， confess to 承认， be accustomed to 习惯于， be used to 习惯于， stick to 坚持， turn to 开始，着手于， devote oneself to 献身于， be devoted to 致力于， look forward to 盼望， pay attention to 注 意 7.10 动词不定式的否定式 Tell him not to shut the window… She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走过的时候， 她假装没看见。 典型例题 1)Tell him ___ the window. A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut 答案：B。 tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为 tell sb not to do sth. 2) She pretended ___ me when I passed by. A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen 答案：A。 pretend 后应接不定式。其否定形式为 pretend not to do sth.。 3)Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking. A. never to drive B. to never driver C. never driving D. never drive 答案：A。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式为 warn sb not to do sth. 此处用的是否定词 never.