八年级英语下册知识点笔记(2)

八年级英语下册知识点：Unit4.Why don’t you talk to your parents? 一. 重要词汇和句型 1. get ( 1 ) 买 get sth. for sb. == get sb. sth. 为某人买某物 Can you get some fruit for me when you go shopping ? == Can you get me some fruit when you go shopping ? ( 2 ) 得到, 到达 Where did you get the book ? When did you get the letter ? He got home late last night . (3) 使, 让 get + 宾语 + 宾补 使某人 某物 怎么样 Please get you coat clean . Get your mouth closed . get sb. to do sth. 使某人 某物做某事 I got him to call Jim yesterday . (4) ( 逐渐) 变得…The weather gets warmer and days get longer . Why did the teacher get angry ? 2. how about what about 后跟名词 代词 动词 ing 形式。 ( 1) 向对方提出建议或请求 How about going out for a walk ?How about something to eat ? (2) 向对方征求意见或看法 How about the TV play ? How about buying the house now ? ( 3 ) 询问天气或身体情况 How about the weather in Hainan Island ? How about your parents ? Are they living with you ? ( 4 ) 谈话中承接上下文 I’m forty years old . How about you ? I’m from Beijing . How about you ? 3. receive 收 到 The girl was happy to receive many gifts on her birthday . receive a letter from == get a letter from == heard from 收到某人的信 I received a letter from my parents last Sunday . == I got a letter from my parents last Sunday . == I heard from my parents last Sunday . accept 接受 He couldn’t accept our suggestions but our gifts . She was very glad to receive the invitation . He didn’t receive a good education at university . I received an invitation to the party , but I refused to accept it . 4. a 6--year – old child 一个六岁的孩子 6--year – old 是由 “数词 +名词 + 形容词 ” 构成的复合形容词, 作前置定 语, 修饰后面的名词 child . 数词+名词+形容词 构成的复合形容词，中间的名词要用单数形式： a five-year-old girl 一个五岁的女孩 a six-foot-deep hole 一个六英尺深的洞 a two-meter-long ruler 一把两米长的尺子 a 100-meter race 一场百米 赛跑 a ten-story-high building 一栋十层高的楼房 a two-inch-thick dictionary 一本两英寸厚的词典 5. too … to… 太…… 而不能 …… too 后跟形容词或副词原形, to 后跟动词原形, 构成不定式. 句子的主语 与 动词不定的主语不一时, 可以在动词不定式前加逻辑主语 for sb. He is too young to join the army ( 军队) . The maths problem is too difficult for me to work out . 表示否定意义的 never not 和 too … to… 连用时表达肯定一样. One is never too old to learn . too … to… 可以与 enough to 和 so… that … 转换. 与 enough to 转换 时, enough 前的形容词, 副词必须是 too 后面形容词, 副词的反义词, 并使用其否定句式. She is too young to do the work . == she isn’t old enough to do the work . 与 so… that … 转换时, that 后面的从句要用否定形式. Tom is too tired to walk any farther . == Tom is so tired that he can’t walk any farther . 6. cost 1) 动词 , 花费 价值 (多少钱 ) How much did it cost ? I didn’t buy it because it cost too much . The meal cost us about 100 yuan . (2 ) 名词 , 成本, 费用, 价钱. at all costs 不惜任何代价; at the cost of 以 …… 为代价. Living costs are higher in cities than that in the country . We must stop it at all costs . After the earthquake , the soldiers tried to reach the area at the cost of their lives . 7. pay , spend , cost , take 的区别 pay 花费 ( 多少钱 ) , 主语是人. Sb. pay some money for sth. I paid 5000 yuan for the computer last week . Spend 花费 ( 多少钱或时间 ),主语是人. Sb. spend some money on sth. Sb. spend some time ( in ) doing sth. I spent 5000 yuan on the computer last week . She spent 2 hours ( in ) doing her homework . cost 花费 ( 多少钱 ) , 主语是物. Sth. cost sb. some money . This jacket cost him 200 dollars . take 花费 (时间 ),It takes sb. some time to do sth . 花费某人多少时间做某事 How long does it take sb. to do sth ? 花费某人多少时间做某事? It took Liu Hong 2 hours to do her homework . It takes me 10 minutes to walk to school from home . It will take them 6 months to build the building . How long does it take him to plant the trees ? 8. sleep , sleeping, sleepy , asleep , fall asleep , be asleep sleep 动词, 睡觉, 强调动作. I am very tired . I want to sleep . He slept for 12 hours yesterday . sleeping , Sleep 的现在分词, 表示 “ 正在睡觉” Don’t make so much noise . The baby is sleeping . They woke up the sleeping girl and asked her where her parents were . sleepy 想睡觉的, 困倦的. I am a little sleepy . I’d like to go to bed . asleep 睡着了的. The teacher found Tom asleep in class and kept him behind after school . Would you mind turning down the TV ? The baby is asleep . fall asleep 强调从没有睡着到睡着的过程, 不能接一段时间 I couldn’t fall asleep until it was very late last night . He listened to music and fell asleep . be asleep 表示睡着后的状态 , “ 睡着了”, 可以接一段时间 . He was asleep for three hours . 9. choose 动词, “ 选择,挑选 ” , 过去式 chose, 过去分词 chosen choose to do sth. 选择做某事 can’t Choose but 只得…… pick and choose 挑挑拣拣 There are many books to choose from . We choose mike as our leader ( 领导 ). Will you help me choose a dictionary ? Everyone can’t choose but obey ( 服从 ) . It’s her habit (习惯 ) to pick and choose while shopping . 10. present (1) 礼物, 礼品 == gift Why not give him a card as a present ? what can I get him for a birthday present ? ( 2 ) 目前, 现在 I’m sorry he is out at present . You have to forget the past and start living in the present . 11. open ( 1 ) 动词, 打开 , 开业, 开张, 展现 It’s not right to open other people’s letters . Would you mind opening the window ? The door opens to the south . This factory opened in 1998. ( 2 ) 形容词, be open 开着的, 开放的 In his dream the flowers are all open . Most shops are closed but several are still open . On weekends the swimming pool is open to the public . close 动词, 关闭, 关上 , 合上 Please close the door to keep the cold out . closed 形容词, be closed 关着的, 关闭的 when we got to the shop it was closed . 12 . give away 赠送 , 分发 give away sth to sb Aunt Wang gave away the candies (糖果 ) to the kids . John gave away his notebook to me . 其它短语 give up 放弃 give back 归还 give off 放出, 发出(气味) give sth to sb == give sb. sth . 把某物给某人 13. rather than 而不是 …… 后面跟名词, 代词, 从句 The color seems green rather than blue . If you ran rather than walked , you would have arrived earlier . We depend on you rather than on him . You should help them rather than they should help you . prefer to do sth rather than do sth . 宁愿…… , 也不 …… She preferred to stay at home rather than go with us . He preferred to listen to music rather than play games . Would rather do sth than do sth . 宁愿…… , 也不 …… He would rather play than work . I would rather take the slowest train than go there by air . 14. instead (1) 位于句首, 表示 “ 反而, 相反” I didn’t go to the cinema last night . instead, I watched a football match on TV. The boy didn’t sing to the music . Instead , he sang his own way . ( 2 ) 位于句尾, 表示 “ 作为代替, 而是” Mr smith was ill , so mr green was taking his class instead . I don’t like this one , please give me that instead . instead of 后跟名词, 代词, 动名词, 介词短语.表示 “ 代替, 而不是” I have come instead of my brother . He is ill . We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator ( 电梯 ) . He studies in the evening instead of during the day . 15. enter (1) 参加 == take part in join More than one thousand sportsmen entered took part in the games . My brother hopes to enter join the army next year . ( 2 ) 进入 ==come into go into She entered came into the room with these words . Did you see someone enter go into the house ? 16. encourage 动词, 鼓励, 激励 encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某 事 Parents should encourage children to do things by themselves . Our English teacher encourages us to keep a dairy in English . 17. progress 名词, “ 进步, 进展” make progress “取得进步, 取得进 展” My parents are pleased with my progress in lessons . Tom is now making much great progress at school . They made no progress in the heavy snow . 18. suggest 动词, 建议, 提议. 后跟名词, 代词, 动名词和从句 she suggested a way out of the difficulty . he suggested going home . who suggested you staying here ? I suggested we ( should ) hold a meeting . 19. take an interest in ( doing ) sth. 对 ( 做 )某事感兴趣 否定表达是 take no interest in ( doing ) sth. 对 ( 做 )某事不感兴趣 Do you take an interest in English ? Most children take an interest in playing computer games . He takes no interest in playing basketball . be become interested in ( doing ) sth 对 ( 做 )某事感兴趣 I’m deeply interested in swimming . She became interested in singing when she was only 7 years old . 20. Three good ways of improving English are mentioned . 提到了三种提高英语的好方法. of improving English 是介词短语作定语修饰 ways . 它相当与 动词不定 式. Three good ways of improving English are mentioned . === Three good ways to improve English are mentioned . Can you find a way to work out the problem ? ==Can you find a way of working out the problem ? Fast is another way of saying quick . == Fast is another way to say quick . Mention (1) 动词, “ 提到, 提及, 说起 ” as mentioned above 如上所述 He often mentioned his past to me . Nobody mentioned anything to me about it . Did she mention where she was going ? You mentioned in your letter that you might be moving abroad . As mentioned above , there are many good ways to learn English well . ( 2 ) 名词, “ 提及, 说起 ” The newspaper made no mention of him . 21. make friends with sb. 和某人交朋友 Would you like to make friends with us ? I find it difficult to make friends with Ben . 二. 形容词、 副词 一、形容词 (一)形容词的含义：表示人或事物的特征、性质、状态的词叫形容词。 (二)形容词的用法及位置： 1.作定语，放在名词之前，不定代词之后。 The nice girl is my sister .