初中英语 谈不定代词
谈不定代词
不定代词是英语教学中的一项重要内容。为帮助广大中学生弄清它们的意义和用法,笔者在此对其作一归纳和分析。
(一) some 意为“一些”、“若干”,具有名词和形容词的作用。 some 作定语时,可修饰可数名词和不可数名词。 some 通常出现在下列场合:
1. 肯定句;
2. 含请求和邀请意义的疑问句;
3. 预料对方可能作出肯定回答时提出的疑问句;
4. 表示劝告或建议的肯定句。例如:
( 1 ) Some are playing basketball. The others are playing volleyball.
( 2 ) Would you like some bread?
( 3 ) Can't you borrow some jewelry from a friend, Mathilde?
( 4 ) Are you going to buy some books?
( 5 ) Won't you have some more money?
(二) any 在句中作定语时,可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。在不同的场合中, any 可以表达不同的意义:
1. 用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句时,表示“一些”;
2. 用于肯定句时,表示“任何的”、“任何一个的”。例如:
( 1 ) I have some English magazines, but I haven't any magazines that you need.
( 2 ) Have you got any tickets for the film?
( 3 ) The teacher asked us if we had any questions.
( 4 ) You may come at any time.
(三) no 意为“没有”,作定语用,修饰单数可数名词时,在意义上相当于 not a ; no 作定语用,修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词时,在意义上相当于 not any .例如:
( 1 ) No news is good news.
( 2 ) There is no water in the bottle.
(四) all 表示“一切”、“全部”、“全体”的意思,可以代替或修饰两个以上的人或物,也可以代替或修饰不可数名词。 all 指人并单独在句中作主语时,谓语动词为复数形式; all 指物并单独在句中作主语时,谓语动词为单数形式。使用 all 时,应注意下面三点:
1. all 后面可以跟 of 短语。若 of 后面的宾语是名词,则 of 可以省略;若 of 后面的宾语是人称代词,则 of 不可省略。
2. all 作定语修饰名词时,应该按照“ all+ 定冠词 / 指示代词 / 物主代词+名词”的顺序排列。
3. all 和否定词 not 连用,表示“部分否定”,意为“并不是所有的”。请看下列句子中的 all :
( 1 ) All are here. Let's begin our class.
( 2 ) That's all for today.
( 3 ) All ( of ) the guests praised us for our achievements.
( 4 ) All of us are deeply moved by his words.
( 5 ) All my classmates love music.
( 6 ) You should take good care of all these young trees.
( 7 ) Not all the students can understand you.
(五) both 意为“两者都”,与 not 连用时表示“并非两者都……”,为部分否定。 both 在句中作主语时,谓语动词为复数形式。例如:
( 1 ) Both of the stories are interesting.
( 2 ) There are trees and flowers on both sides of the street.
( 3 ) Both of my parents are not doctors.
(六) none 意为“没有任何东西(人)”、“……中任何一个都不”。 none 可以指人,也可以指物; none 作主语时,要与 of 短语连用,若代替可数名词,谓语动词可为单数形式,也可为复数形式,若代替不可数名词,谓语动词应为单数形式。例如:
( 1 ) None of us agree with what you said.
( 2 ) None of the money is yours.
( 3 ) I know none of your friends.
(七) neither 意为“两者都不”,作主语时,谓语动词应为单数形式。例如:
( 1 )- Do you like dancing or singing?
- No, I like neither of them.
( 2 ) Neither of the sentences is correct.
( 3 ) He gave me two books, neither of which is interesting.
(八) either 意为“两者中的任何一个”,作主语时,谓语动词应为单数形式。 either … or …意为“要么……要么……”。例如:
( 1 ) You can take either of the pens, but you can't take them both.
( 2 )- Do you want a pen or a pencil?
- Either will do.
( 3 ) There are many new buildings on either side of the streets.
(九) each 指两个或两个以上的人或物中的一个,侧重于个体; every 则更强调全体或全部。 every 为形容词,只能作定语; each 可作形容词用,也可单独作名词时,而且还可与 of 短语连用。例如:
( 1 ) There are many trees on each side of the road.
( 2 ) Every one of them has his own shortcomings.
( 3 ) Each of them should try his best to do the work well.
(十) other 表示“另外的(人或物)”、“其他的(人或物)”。如果意思上需要,可用复数形式 others .还要注意以下四种情况:
1. 表示某些人 / 物中的“一些……另一些……”,应该用 some … others …;
2. 表示两者中的“一个……另一个……”,应该用 one … the other …;
3. 拿一群中的某一个和这一群体中的其他个体相比较时,应在名词前加 other ;
4. other 与表示数量的词连用时,必须放在数量词之后,表示在原有数量上又增加了多少。例如:
( 1 ) Some will visit the Great Wall, others will visit the Summer Palace.
( 2 ) I have two brothers. One is a doctor, the other is a professor.
( 3 ) Can you solve this problem without others' help?
( 4 ) He studied harder than any other student in his class.
( 5 ) You'd better stay in the hotel for five other days.
( 6 ) China is bigger than any other country in Asia.
(十一) another 表示“(三个以上不定数目中的)另一个”。
1. another 表示“另一个”、“再一个”时,一般只能用于代替或修饰单数可数名词;
2. another 表示“外加……一个”、“再来……一个”时,通常位于“基数词或 few + 复数名词”之前。例如:
( 1 ) I have another question to ask.
( 2 ) Would you like another cup of coffee?
( 3 ) I don't like this pen. Please show me another.
( 4 ) They asked us to stay for another few days.
( 5 ) Another two days had passed, but nothing happened.
(十二) one
one 用来泛指任何人时,其所有格形式为 one's ,反身代词为 oneself ; one 也可用来代替上下文中出现过的可数名词,复数形式为 ones ,这时它的前后都可用其他限定词语加以修饰。 it 指代同一事物, that 代替不可数名词。例如:
( 1 ) One should be strict with oneself.
( 2 ) One should often think of one's weakness.
( 3 ) Something is wrong with one
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谈不定代词
of the machines.
( 4 ) This cap is too small. Please give me a big one.
( 5 ) This park is more beautiful than that one.
( 6 ) The population of China is larger than that of Japan.
( 7 ) These books are not so interesting as the ones / those you borrowed last week.
(十三) many / much
many / much 除可用在肯定句中作主语或修饰主语外,还可用在否定句和疑问句中。例如:
( 1 ) Many of the boys in our class like music.
( 2 ) Much has been done to stop pollution.
( 3 ) The homework is too much for the pupils.
( 4 ) There isn't much food left, is there?
(十四) few /a few, little /a little
few 与 a few 修饰可数名词; little 与 a little 修饰不可数名词; few 与 little 含否定意义; a few 与 a little 含肯定意义。例如:
( 1 ) His theory is very difficult, but a few people can understand it.
( 2 ) His theory is very difficult, and few people can understand it.
( 3 ) There is still a little water in the basin.
( 4 ) There is little water in the basin. Please go and fetch some.
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