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常用论文术语中英文对照(精选多篇)

来源: 2022-12-14 09:52

第一篇:常用论文术语中英文对照范文

a.

安居工程 housing project for low-income families

按成本要素计算的国民经济总值 gnp at factor cost

按揭贷款 mortgage loan

按劳分配 distribution according to one's performance

暗亏 hidden loss

奥姆真理教 japanese aum doomsday cult

b.

巴黎证券交易所 paris bourse

把握大局 grasp the overall situation

白色行情表 white sheet

白手起家 starting from scratch

摆架子 put on airs

拜年 pay new year call

搬迁户 relocated families

半拉子工程 uncompleted project

棒球运动记者 scribe

包干到户 work contracted to households

包工包料 contract for labor and materials

保持国民经济发展的良好势头 maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy

保持国有股 keep the state-held shares

保健食品 health-care food

保税区 the low-tax, tariff-free zone; bonded area

保证重点支出 ensure funding for priority areas

保值储蓄 inflation-proof bank savings

北欧投资银行 nordic investment bank

本本主义 bookishness

《本草纲目》 compendium of materia medica

本垒打 circuit clout, four-master, round trip

本命年 one's year of birth considered in relation to the 12 terrestrial branches

奔小康 strive for a relatively comfortable life

蹦击 bungee, bungee jumping

逼上梁山 be driven to drastic alternatives

闭门羹 given cold-shoulder

边际报酬 marginal return

边缘科学 boundary science

标书 bidding documents

表演赛 demonstration match

剥夺冠军 strip the gold medal of somebody

补缺选举 by-election

布达拉宫 potala palace

不败记录 clean record, spotless record

不承诺放弃使用武器 not undertake to renounce the use of force

不打不成交 no discord, no concord.

《不见不散》 be there or be square.

不良贷款 non-performing loan

不夜城 sleepless city, ever-bright city

不正之风 bad (harmful) practice; unhealthy tendency

步行天桥 foot bridge

c.

擦边球 edge ball, touch ball

擦网球 net ball

采取高姿态 show magnanimity

菜篮子工程 shopping basket program

参政、议政 participate in the management of state affairs

层层转包和违法分保 multi-level contracting and illegal sub-contracting

差额投票 differentail voting

差额选举 competitive election

茶道 sado

拆东墙补西墙 rob peter to pay paul

禅 dhyana

产粮大省 granary province

产品结构 product mix

产权明晰、权责明确、政企分开、科学管理 clearly established ownership, well defined power and responsibility, separation of enterprise from administration, and scientific management

产权制度、产权关系 property relations; property order

产销直接挂钩 directly link production with marketing

长二捆 lm-2e

长期共存、互相监督、肝胆相照、荣辱与共 long-term coexistence, mutual supervision, sincere treatment with each other and the sharing of weal or woe

畅通工程 "smooth traffic project"

唱高调 mouth high-sounding words

超高速巨型计算机 giant ultra-high-speed computer

超前消费 overconsuming, excessive consumption

城市规划 city's landscaping plan

城乡信用社 credit corroborative in both urban and rural areas

吃大锅饭 egalitarian practice of "everybody eating from the same big pot"

抽杀成功 hit through

筹备委员会 preparatory committee

出风头 show off;in the limelight

出口创汇能力 capacity to earn foreign exchange through exports

出口退税制度 the system of refunding taxes on exported goods

出口转内销 domestic sales of commodities orginally produced for exports

出家 pravrajana; cloister

创建卫生城市:build a nationally advanced clean city

春蕾计划 spring buds program

《春秋》 spring and autumn annals

从粗放经济转变为集约经济 shift from extensive economy to intensive economy

促进全球经济一体化 foster integration with the global economy

存款保证金 guaranty money for deposits

d.

"达标"活动 "target hitting" activities

打白条 issue iou

打黑 crack down on speculation and profiteering

打破僵局 break the deadlock

打顺手 find one's touch, get into gear, settle into a groove

大包干 all-round responsibility system

大轰动 blockbuster

大力扣杀 hammer

大路货 staple goods

大满贯 grand slam

大款 tycoon

大排挡 sidewalk snack booth

大事化小,小事化了 try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all

大胜 white wash

大腕 top notch

大要案 major and serious criminal cases

大专生 junior college student

大专文凭 associate degree

大藏经 tripitaka

带薪分流 assign redundant civil servants to other jobs while allowing them to retain their original rank and benefits

待岗 await job assignment, post-waiting

待业 job-waiting

单循环制 single round-robin system

盗用公款 embezzlement

单刀赴会 start a solo run

倒计时 countdowm

倒爷 profiteer

等外品 off-grade goods, rejects

第二产业 secondary industry

第一发球权 first inning

第一发球员 first server

第一双打 first pair

地方保护主义 regional protectionism

地方财政包干制 system whereby local authorities take full responsibility for their finances

地区差异 regional disparity

点子公司 consultancy company

电话号码升位 upgrade telephone number

电话会议 teleconference

电视直销 tv home shopping

吊球 drop shot

吊销执照 revoke license

定向培训 training for specific posts

豆腐渣"工程 jerry-built project

独立核算工业企业 independent accounting unit(enterprise)

"渡假外交" holiday-making diplomacy

短期债务 floating debt

对外招商 attract foreign investment

队长袖标(足球) skipper's armband

多党合作制 multi-party co-operation in exercising state power

多任务小卫星 small multi-mission satellite (smms)

夺冠 take the crown

e.

恶性通货膨胀 hyperinflation

二板市场(创业板市场) second board on the country's stock market

二流选手 scrub, second-rater

f.

发展不平衡 disparate development

法治国家 a country under the rule of law

法制国家 a state with an adequate legal system

翻两番 quadruple

反败为胜 bring about a complete turnabout, pull out of the fire

防洪工程 flood-prevention project

放高球 lob

飞行药检 spot check

费改税 transform administrative fees into taxes

分流 reposition of redundant personnel

分期付款 installment payment

(产品)分销 subunderwriting, distribution

锋利扣杀 razor-sharp smash

封闭式基金 close-ended fund

封杀出局 force out

“封圣” canonization of "saints"

福利彩票 welfare lotteries

福利分房 welfare-oriented public housing distribution system

扶贫 poverty alleviation

覆盖率 coverage rate

复式住宅 compound apartment

g.

改制上市:an enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market.

干部队伍革命化、年轻化、知识化、专业化 make the ranks of cadres more revolutionary, younger in average age, better educated and professionally more competent

高层次、全方位的对话 high-level and all-directional dialogue

高产优质 high yield and high quality

高级商务师 certified business executive

高难度动作 stunner, stunt

高新技术产业开发区 high and new technology industrial development zone

(公路)隔离带 median

根本政治制度 fundamental political system

个人收入应税申报制度 the system of the declaration of individual incomes for tax payment

"各就位" "on your marks!"

跟踪审计 follow-up auditing

工商局 industrial and commercial bureau

工业园区 industrial park

公积金public accumulation funds, public reserve funds

公款吃喝 recreational activities using public funds

公正、公平、公开 just, fair and open

共产党领导下的多党合作与政治协商 multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of communist party

国产化率 import substitution rate; localization rate of parts and components

国防动员体制 the mobilization for national defense

国际惯例 international common practice

《国际先驱论坛报》 international herald tribune

国家经济体制改革委员会 the state commission for restructuring the economic systems

国家一级保护 first-grade state protection

国库券 treasury bonds

过度开垦 excess reclamation

h.

海湾战争综合症 the complexities of the gulf war

豪赌 unrestrained gambling

好事不出门,恶事传千里 good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide.

好出风头的运动员 exhibitionist, grandstander

好莱坞大片 hollywood blockbuster

"好球" "strike"

合理引导消费 guide rational consumption

合议庭 collegiate bench

黑店 gangster inn

宏观调控 macro-control efforts

红包(中)red paper containing money as a gift, (贬) bribe, kickback

环太平洋地区 pacific rim

后防空虚 leave the defense exposed

胡子工程 long-drawn-out project (a project which takes so long that young workers become bearded)

虎父无犬子 a wise goose never lays a tame egg.

户口管理制度 domicile system, residence registration system

户主 head of a household

护身法宝 amulet

华表 ornamental column/cloud pillar/stele

华盖 canopy

"坏球" "ball"

还俗 resume secular life, unfrock

"黄、赌、毒" pornography, gambling and drug abuse and trafficking

黄金时段 prime time

挥棒 swing

挥棒不中 fan

灰色收入 income from moonlighting

汇丰银行 hong kong and shang hai banking corporation

婚外恋 extramarital love

活到老,学到老 one is never too old to learn.

货币回笼 withdrawal of currency from circulation

j.

机构臃肿overstaffing in organizations (government)

基本路线要管一百年 the basic line must be followed unswervingly for a very long time to come.

基本国情 fundamental realities of the country

基层民主 democracy at the grassroots level

基层组织 organizations at the grass-roots level

绩优股 blue chip

激烈竞争 cut-throat competition

吉祥物 mascot

缉私力量 the forces engaged in the fight against smuggling

集体婚礼 collective wedding ceremony

集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development

计划生育责任制 responsibility system of family planning

计算机中央处理器 central processing unit(cpu)

记者席 press box

技术下乡 spread technological knowledge to farmers

嘉宾 distinguished guest, honored guest

加班 work extra shifts

加密 encrypt

加强舆论监督 ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion

家庭联产承包责任制 the household contract responsibility system

假唱 lip-synch

假动作 deception, feint

甲骨文 inscriptions on oracle bones

假日经济 holiday economy

坚持统一,反对分裂,增加了解,化解歧见 persist in reunification, oppose separation, increase understanding and iron out differences

监督部门 watchdog

尖端产品 highly sophisticated products

剪彩 cut the ribbon

剪刀差 the scissors gap between the prices of ... and ...

减负 alleviate burdens on sb.

减员增效 downsizing for efficiency; cut payroll to improve efficiency

讲诚信,反欺诈: honor credibility and oppose cheating

脚踩两只船 sit on the fence

脚踏实地 be down-to-earth

侥幸球 fluke

接口 interface

解放生产力 emancipate the productive forces

解放思想、实事求是的思想路线 ideological line of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts

结售汇制度 the system of exchange, settlement and sales

戒毒所 drug rehabilitation center

戒急用忍 overcome impetuosity and exercise patience

金本位 gold standard

金边债券 gilt-edged bonds

金刚经 vajra sutra|

金降落伞 golden parachute

紧箍咒 inhibiting magic phrase

紧密型企业集团 tightly-knit groups of enterprises

紧追 cling to, shadow, thunder on one's trail

近海渔业 offshore fishery

进出口商会 chamber of import and export trade

进口渗透 import penetration

禁渔期 closed fishing seasons

禁止在任何地方、任何环境进行一切方式的释放核能的核武器试验保爆炸 prohibit any nuclear weapon test explosion which releases nuclear energy at any place and in any environment

经常项目顺差favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account

经常性贷款 commercial lending

经常性支出 running expenses

经济林 cash tree

经营管理高度科学化的现代化大企业 modern big enterprise with highly scientific management system

精简机构 streamline government organs

京剧票友 peking opera fan

景泰蓝 cloisonné

劲射 power shot

竣工式 completion ceremony

k.

卡丁车 kart

开放式基金 open-ended fund

开工不足 enterprises running under their production capacity

坎儿井 karez

抗美援朝战争 war to resist us aggression and aid korea

抗震棚 quake-proof shelter

考研 take part in the entrance exams for postgraduate schools

科技成果转化为生产力 transfer of scientific and technological achievements

科技含量 technology content

科技是第一生产力 science and technology constitute a primary productive force.

科教兴国 rely on science and education to rejuvenate the nation

可持续发展 sustainable development

空头支票 accommodation note, lip service

控股公司 holding company

扣帽子 put a label on

跨实际工程 a trans-century project

亏损企业 enterprises running in the red/under deficit

困难职工 the needy

国民党 kuomintang

l.

垃圾债券 junk bond

拉动经济增长 fuel economic growth

拉拉队 cheering squad

拉拉队长 cheer-leader, rooter king

拉关系 try to curry favor with

劳动合同制 labor contract system

老字号 an old and famous shop or enterprise

"篱笆墙" barriers/ blockage to inter-regional trading

礼仪小姐 ritual girl

利改税substitution of tax payment for profit delivery

利基 niche

立体农业 three-dimensional agriculture

联合联络小组 joint liaison group

廉政、勤政、务实、高效政府 an honest, diligent, pragmatic and efficient government

廉洁奉公,以正治国 (of an official) clean and devoted, and govern the state with his own example of uprightness

联合兼并 conglomeration and merger of enterprises

联合投标 syndicated tender

联想集团 legend group

练摊 to be a vendor

粮食收购部门 (government's) grain procurement (purchasing) agencies

粮油关系:grain and oil rationing registration

两岸直航促进会 association for promotion of cross-straits direct transportation

两弹一艇 a-bomb, h-bomb and nuclear-powered submarine

"两个对等的政治实体" "two equal political entities

两个文明一起抓 place equal emphasis on material and ethical progress

"两思"(致富思源,富而思进) to think of the source of getting rich and of making progress after becoming affluence

老少边穷地区 former revolutionary base areas, areas inhabited by minority nationalities, remote and border areas and poverty-stricken areas

猎头公司 head-hunting company

临时主教练 caretaker coach

领头羊 bellwether

留职停薪 retain the job but suspend the salary

留学咨询:consulting on the study abroad

流动人口 transient population

乱集资、乱摊派、乱收费 unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of donations and exaction of fees from enterprises

乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款 arbitrary charges, fund-raising quotas and fines

《论语》 analects of confucius

裸机:bare mobile phone

绿地覆盖率 forest coverage rate

绿化 afforestation

m.

满意度 degree of satisfaction

盲流和倒流人员 transient from the countryside

帽子戏法 hat trick

买一送一 two-for-one offer, buy one get one free

门前三包 be responsible for general sanitation, green covering and keeping good social order in a designated area outside the unit building

朦胧诗 misty poetry

民工潮 farmers' frenzied hunt for work in cities

民进党 democratic progressive party

民主党派、工商联与无党派人士 non-communist parties, federations of industry and commerce, personages without party affiliation

民族凝聚力 national cohesion

民族委员会 ethnic affairs commission

明明白白消费(2014年保护消费者权益工作主题)transparent consumption

磨洋工 dawdle along

n.

纳米 nanometer

囊括 complete a sweep

耐用消费品 durable consumer items (goods)

南水北调 south-to-north water diversion

能官能民 be ready to both serve as an offical and be one of the common people

能上网的手机 wap phone

内耗 in-fighting

年同比 year-on-year; on an annual basis

年夜饭 family reunion dinner

扭转局面 reverse the tide, turn the table

农村剩余劳动力 surplus rural labour (labourers)

o.

p.

跑龙套 utility man

泡沫经济 bubble economy

配股 allotment of shares

配套政策 supporting policies

碰钉子 get snubbed

疲软股票 soft stock

皮包公司 bogus company

票贩子 scalper, ticket tout

骗汇、逃汇、套汇 obtain foreign currency and false pretenses, not turn over foreign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage

贫富悬殊 polarization of rich and poor

瓶颈制约 “bottleneck”restrictions

扑网 rush-up, rushing

q.

起跑器 block

千代田寿险公司(日本) chiyoda mutual life insurance co.

抢跑 false start, beat the gun

亲民党 people first party

屈体 jackknife, pike

全能冠军 all-around winner

全球通 global system for mobile communications

拳头产品 competitive products; knock-out products; blockbuster

r.

绕圈子 beat around the bush

人才流失brain drain

人浮于事 overstaffing

人工智能 artificial intelligence(ai)

人机交互 human-computer interaction

人类免疫缺陷病毒human immunodeficiency virus(hiv)

人情债 debt of gratitude

任意球 free kick

融资渠道 financing channels

入水时水花很少 clean entry

软新闻 soft news

s.

三八线 38th parallel

三步走战略 the three-step development strategy

三大作风 the party's three important styles of work (integrating theory with practice, forging close links with the masses and practicing self-criticism

"三个代表" "three represents" theory (the party should always represent the development needs of china's advanced social productive forces, always represent the onward direction of china's advanced culture, and always represent the fundamental interests of the largest member of the chinese people.)

三个有利于 "three favorables" (whether it promotes the growth of the productive forces in a socialist society, increases the overall strenth of the socialist state and raises the people's living standards

三好学生 merit student

"三讲"教育(讲学习、讲政治、讲正气) "three emphases" education (to stress theoretical study, political awareness and good conduct)

三角债 chain debt

三通 three direct links of trade, mail, and air and shipping services across the taiwan straits

三通一平 "three supplies and one leveling"; supply of water, electricity and road and leveled ground (conditions ready for further economic development)

三下乡 a program under which officials, doctors, scientist and college students go to the countryside to spread scientific and literacy knowledge and offer medical service to farmers

三字经 three-character scripture

"扫黄"、"打非" eliminate pornography and illegal publications

《山海经》the classic of mountains and rivers

商检局 commodity inspection bureau

商品条码 bar code

上市 to be listed

少数服从多数、下级服从上级、局部服从全体、全党服从中央 the minority is subordinate to the majority, the lower level to the higher level, the part to the whole and the entire membership of the party to the central committee

社会热点问题 hot spots of society

社会治安情况 public security situation

审时度势 size up the situation

渗透、颠覆和分裂活动 infiltrative, subversive and splittist activities

《生死抉择》 "live or die"

生态农业 environmental-friendly agriculture

失学儿童 dropout实践是检验真理的唯一标准 practice is the sole criterion for testing truth.

实体经济 the real economy

实现中华民伟大复兴 bring about a great rejuvenation of the chinese nation

实行国民待遇 grant the national treatment to

实行计划生育、控制人口数量、提高人口素质 promotion of family planning to control the population size and improve the health of the people

实现小康目标 to achieve the goal of ensuring our people a relative comfortable life

市场疲软 sluggish market

市场准入 market access

适度从紧的财政政策 moderately tight financial policy

适销对路的产品readily marketable products

手机入网费 mobile access fee

受灾地区 disaster-affected are

售后服务 after-sale services

树立企业良好形象 foster a good and healthy company image

涮羊肉 instant-boiled mutton

双刃剑 double-edged sword

水货 smuggled goods

水墨画 chinese brush drawing; ink and wash painting

思乡曲 nostalgia

思想僵铁 fossilized concept

四项基本原则 the four cardinal principles of adherence to the socialist road, the people's democratic dictatorship, the leadership of the communist party of china, and marxism-leninism and mao zedong thought

素质教育 education for all-around development

t.

弹性外交 elastic diplomacy

套利 arbitrage

提高农产品收购价格 the government's increase in its procurement prices (for farm products)

铁饭碗 iron rice bowl

统一市场 single market

统一税 flat tax, consolidated tax

同乡会 an association of fellow provincials or townsmen

筒子楼:tube-shaped apartment

偷税漏税 tax evasion

偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税 tax evasion, tax fraud, and refusal to pay taxes

投手 pitcher

透过现象看本质 see through the appearance to perceive the essence

团身 bunch up the body

推广科研成果 turning laboratory achievements into commercial/mass production; commercialization of laboratory achievements

退耕还林还草 grain for green

脱贫 cast off poverty

脱手 release grip

w.

汪辜会谈 wang daohan-koo chen-fu talks (wang-koo talks)

网络出版 online publishing

网上冲浪surf the internet

稳定压倒一切 maintaining stability is of top priority

维护人权和不断改善人权状况 safeguard human rights and steadily improve the human rights situation

伪劣产品 fake and shoddy products

卫冕世界冠军 reigning world champion

屋顶花园 roof garden

无氟冰箱freon-free refrigerator 

无人售票 self-service ticketing

无线应用协议 wap(wireless application protocol)

物价局 price bureau

物业管理 estate management, property management

x.

西部大开发 west development

吸收游资 absorb idle fund

希望工程 project hope

喜忧参半 mingled hope and fear

洗钱 money laundering

下放权力给 delegating the management of ... (to ...)

下岗 laid-off workers

下海 plunge into the commercial sea

下网 off line

险胜 cliff-hanging win, narrow victory, nose out

县改市:county upgraded to city

县级市:county-level city

现代企业制度 modern enterprise system; modern corporate system

向钱看 mammonism, put money above all

项目立项:approve and initiate a project

消费信贷 consumer credit services

削减战略核武器会谈 strategic arms reduction talks (start)

小康 a comfortable level of living; a better-off life; moderate prosperity

新秀 up-and-coming star, rising star

信息港 inforport

信息化 informationize

信用紧缩 credit crunch

形象小姐/先生 image representative of a product or a brand

虚拟网 virtual net

选举权和被选举权 the right to vote and the right to be elected

徇私枉法 bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends

y.

压水花技术 rip entry

压线(口令) line!

严打斗争strike-hard operation, campaign to crack down relentlessly on criminal activities

阳春(最经济方式) no-frills

羊肉串小摊 barbecue stall

养老金 pension

摇钱树 cash cow

药物检查 dope control, drug testing

一式两联 (receipt or invoice) in duplicate

一手抓物质文明,一手抓精神文明;一手抓经济建设,一手抓民主法制;一手抓改革开放,一手抓打击犯罪惩治腐败 we must always work for material progress and at the same time for cultural and ethical progress; we should develop the economy and at the same time strengthen democracy and the legal system; we should promote reform and opening to the outside world and at the same time fight crime and punish corruption.

以公有制为主体,多种经济成分共同发展 the pattern with the public sector remaining dominant and diverse sectors of the economy developing side by side

以经济建设为中心 focusing on the central task of economic construction

以谋略制胜 outmaneuver

以权谋私 abuse of power for personal gains

以人为本 people oriented; people foremost

以质量求生存、求发展、求效益 strive for survival, development and efficiency on the basis of equality

义和团运动 boxer uprising

义务兵役制 compulsory military service, conscription

义务教育 compulsory education

义演收入 proceeds from benefit performmance

易拉罐 pop can

因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude

隐性就业 unregistered employment

硬道理 absolute principle, top priority

营业税 turnover tax; business tax

应试教育 examination-oriented education system

优化结构 optimize structure

有法可依,有法必依,执法必严,违法必究 there must be laws to go by, the laws must be observed and strictly enforced, and law-breakers must be prosecuted.

有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律 with lofty ideals, integrety, knowledge and a strong sense of discipline

有望夺金者 a gold medal hopeful

有勇无谋 use brawn rather than brain

与国际市场接轨 integrate with the world market; become integrated into the global market

舆论导向 direction of public opinion

舆论监督 supervision by public opinion

冤假错案 cases in which people were unjustly, falsely or wrongly charged or sentenced; unjust, false or wrong cases

圆寂 parinirvana

缘分 chemical, (as if by) predestination, be preordained to come together

远景计划 long-term development targets

运球 dribble

z.

"宰人" rip off

在职博士生 on-job doctorate

再贷款 re-lending; subloan

再就业服务中心 re-employment service center

藏学 tibetology

糟粕 dross

早恋 puppy love

造假帐 falsified accounts

斋月 ramadan

债转股 debt-to-equity swap

沾光 benefit from one's association

站票 standing-room-only ticket

涨落线 advance balance line

朝阳产业 sunrise industry

招标投标制 the system of public bidding for project

正式照会 formal note

政府搭台,部门推动,企业唱戏 governments set up the stage, various departments cooperate and enterprise put in the show.

政府上网工程government online project

政企不分 without a clear line between the functions of the government and enterprises; the functions of the government and enterprises mixed up

政企分开 separate government functions from enterprise management

政务公开 make government affairs public

知识产权 intellectual property rights

知识经济 knowledge economy , knowledge-base economy

致命要害 achilles' heel

掷钱猜先 toss

《中华人民共和国消费者权益保护法》 law of the people's republic of china on the protection of consumers' rights and interests

中流砥柱 mainstay, chief corner stone

中美战略核武器互不瞄准对方 non-targeting strategic nuclear weapons against each other

中央大型企业工委:central work committee for large enterprises

中央商务区 central business district (cbd)

重点发展 prioritize

主体经济 the mainstay of the economy

主持人 anchorperson

住房分配货币化进程 capitalization process of housing distribution/allocation

助跑 approach run, run-up

抓大放小 to invigorate large enterprises while relaxing control over small ones; focus on the restructuring of major enterprises and leave minor ones to fend for themselves

抓住机遇 seize the opportunity

转化机制 (of state-owned enterprises) to shift to new management mechanisms

转基因食品 gm food (genetically modified food)追平 produce the equalizer

转体 truck rotation, turn, twist

撞线 breast the tape

追赶型和跨越式发展 pursuant and leap-forward development

资产保值增值 maintain and increase the value of assets; maintenance and appreciation of assets value

资产阶级自由化 bourgeois liberalization

资源配置 the distribution (allocation) of resources

《资治通鉴》 history as a mirror

自律机制 the self-discipline system

自我保护意识 self-protection awareness

自由港 free-trade port,free port

综合国力 comprehensive national strength

综合业务数字网 integrated service digital network (isdn)

综合治理 comprehensive treatment

遵纪守法、廉洁奉公 observe the relevant code of conduct and the law and honestly perform one's official duties

第二篇:常用术语中英文对照

十、常用术语中英文对照 人生规划life planning

自我介绍self-introduction 目标target

孔子confucius

《论语》the analects of confucius 修身养性cultivate one's moral character 儒家思想confucianism

诗歌poem

赏析appreciation

阅读理解reading comprehension 意境artistic conception

意象imagery

情感emotion

朗诵recite

策划consultant

情景模拟scenario simulation 记忆memory

贝多芬beethoven

命运交响曲symphony of destiny 古典音乐classical music 莫扎特mozart

费加罗的婚礼the marriage of figaro 萧伯纳george bernard shaw 戏剧drama

理想主义idealism

人道精神humanity

反抗性resistance

辩论debate

演讲speech

主题theme

财富wealth

品格character

《红楼梦》dream in red mansions 叶芝yeats

当你老了 when you are old 情景scene

道家taoism

无为而治taoist actionless governance 消极避世indifference

散文prose

小说novel

文学性literary

语言language

修辞rhetoric

敬畏生命reverence for life 抉择choice

普通话mandarin

个人简历resume

招聘求职recruitment 求职信cover letter

自荐书written submissions 岗位post

市场营销marketing

物流logistics

食品检测food testing 高分子macromolecule

就业形势employment situation 毕业论文thesis

摘要abstract

关键词keyword

答辩defense

第三篇:fpc常用术语中英文对照

fpc常用术语中英文对照 0

fpc常用术语中英文对照

fpc常用术语中英文对照

a

accelerate aging ——加速老化,使用人工的方法,加速正常的老化过程。 acceptance quality level (aql) —— 一批产品中最大可以接受的缺陷数目,

通常用于抽样计划。

acceptance test ——用来测定产品可以接受的试验,由客户与供应商之间决

定。

access hole ——在多层线路板连续层上的一系列孔,这些孔的中心在同一个

位置,而且通到线路板的一个表面。

annular ring ——是指保围孔周围的导体部分。

artwork ——用于生产 “artwork master”“production master”,有精确比

例的菲林。

artwork master ——通常是有精确比例的菲林,其按1:1的图案用于生产

“production master”。

b

back light ——背光法,是一种检查通孔铜壁完好与否得放大目检方法,其做法是将孔壁外的基材自某一方向上小心的予以磨薄,再利用树脂半透明的原理,从背后射入光线。假如化学铜孔壁品质完好而无任何破洞或针孔时,则该铜层必能阻绝光线而在显微中呈现黑暗,一旦铜壁有破洞时,则必有光点出现而被

观察到,并可放大摄影存证,称为背光法,但只能看到半个孔。 base material ——绝缘材料,线路在上面形成。(可以是刚性或柔性,或两

者综合。它可以是不导电的或绝缘的金属板。)。

base material thickness ——不包括铜箔层或镀层的基材的厚度。

bland via ——导通孔仅延伸到线路板的一个表面。

blister ——离层的一种形式,它是在基材的两层之间或基材与铜箔之间或保

护层之间局部的隆起。

board thickness 是——指包括基材和所有在上面形成导电层在内的总厚度。

bonding layer ——结合层,指多层板之胶片层 。

c

c-staged resin ——处于固化最后状态的树脂。

chamfer (drill) ——钻咀柄尾部的角 。

characteristic impendence ——特性阻抗,平行导线结构对交流电流的阻力,通常出现在高速电流上,而且通常由在一定频率宽度范围的常量组成 。 circuit ——能够完成需要的电功能的一定数量的电元素和电设备 。

circuit card ——见“printed board”。

circuitry layer ——线路板中,含有导线包括接地面,电压面的层。 circumferential separation ——电镀孔沿镀层的整个圆周的裂缝或空隙。

creak ——裂痕,在线路板中常指铜箔或通孔之镀层,在遭遇热应力的考验时,

常出现各层次的部分或全部断裂。

crease ——皱褶,在多层板中常在铜皮处理不当时所发生的皱褶。

d

date code ——周期代码,用来表明产品生产的时间。

delamination ——基材中层间的分离,基材与铜箔之间的分离,或线路板中所

有的平面之间的分离。

delivered panel(dp) ——为了方便下工序装配和测试的方便,在一块板上按

一定的方式排列一个或多个线路板。

dent ——导电铜箔的表面凹陷,它不会明显的影响到导铜箔的厚度。 design spacing of conductive ——线路之间的描绘距离,或者在客户图纸上

定义的线路之间的距离。

desmear ——除污,从孔壁上将被钻孔摩擦融化的树脂和钻孔的碎片移走。 dewetting ——缩锡,在融化的锡在导体表面时,由于表面的张力,导致锡面

的不平整,有的地方厚,有的地方薄,但是不会导致铜面露出。

dimensioned hole ——指线路板上的一些孔,其位置已经由其使用尺寸确定,

不用和栅格尺寸一致。

double-side printed board ——双面板。

drill body length ——从钻咀的钻尖到钻咀直径与肩部角度交叉点处的距离。

e

eyelet ——铆眼,是一种青铜或黄铜制作的空心铆钉,当线路板上发现某一通孔断裂时,即可加装上这种铆眼,不但可以维持导电的功能,亦可以插焊零件。

不过由于业界对线路板品质的要求日严,使得铆眼的使用越来越少。

f

fiber exposure ——纤维暴露,是指基材表面当受到外来的机械摩擦,化学反应等攻击后,可能失去其外表所覆盖的树脂层,露出底材的玻璃布,称为纤维

暴露,位于孔壁处则称为纤维突出。

fiducial mark ——基准记号,在板面上为了下游的组装,方便其视觉辅助系统作业起见,常在大型的ic于板面焊垫外缘的右上及左下各加一个圆状或其它

形状的“基准记号“,以协助放置机的定位。

flair ——第一面外形变形,刃角变形,在线路板行业中是指钻咀的钻尖部分,其第一面之外缘变宽使刃角变形,是因钻咀不当地翻磨所造成,属于钻咀的次

要缺点。

flammability rate ——燃性等级,是指线路板板材的耐燃性的程度,在既定

的试验步骤执行样板试验之后,其板材所能达到的何种规定等级而言。 flame resistant ——耐燃性,是指线路板在其绝缘的树脂中,为了达到某种燃性等级(在ul中分hb,vo,v1及v2),必须在其树脂的配方中加入某些化学药品(如在fr -4中加入20%以上的溴),是板材之性能可达到一定的耐燃性。通常fr-4在其基材表面之径向方面,会加印制造者红色的ul水印,而未

加耐燃剂的g- 10,则径向只能加印绿色的水印标记。

flare ——扇形崩口,在机械冲孔中,常因其模具的不良或板材的脆化,或冲

孔条件不对,造成孔口板材的崩松,形成不正常的扇形喇叭口,称为扇形崩口。 flashover ——闪络,在线路板面上,两导体线路之间(即使有阻焊绿漆),当有电压存在时,其间绝缘物的表面上产生一种 “击穿性的放电”,称为“闪

络”。

flexible printed circuit,fpc ——软板,是一种特殊性质的线路板,在组装时可做三维空间的外形变化,其底材为可挠性的聚亚酰胺(pi)或聚酯类(pe)。

这种软板也可以象硬板一样,可作镀通孔或表面装配。

flexural strength ——抗挠强度,将线路板基材的板材,取其宽一寸,长2.5--6寸(根据厚度的不同而定)的样片,在其两端的下方各置一个支撑点,在其中央点连续施加压力,直到样片断裂为止。使其断裂的最低压力强度称为抗挠强

度。它是硬质线路板的重要机械性质之一 。

flute ——退屑槽,是指钻咀或锣刀,在其圆柱体上已挖空的部分,可做为废

屑退出之用途。

flux ——阻焊剂,是一种在高温下具有活性的化学药品,能将被焊物表面的氧化物或者污物予以清除,使熔融的焊锡能与洁净的底层金属结合而完成焊接。

g

gap ——第一面分摊,长刃断开,是指钻咀上两个第一面分开,是翻磨不良造

成,也是一种钻咀的次要缺点。

gerber data,gerberfile ——格式档案,是美国gerber公司专为线路板面线路图形与孔位,所开发的一系列完整的软体档案(正式名字是“rs 274”),

线路板设计者或线路板制造商可以使用它来实现文件的交换。

grid ——标准格,指线路板布线时的基本经纬方格而言,早期每格的长宽格距

为100mil,那是以ic引脚为参考的,目前的格子的距离则越来愈堋? ground plane ——接地层,是多层板的一种板面,通常多层板的一层线路层要搭配一层大铜面的接地层,以当成众多零件的公共接地回归地,遮蔽,以及散

热。

grand plane clearance ——接地层的空环,元件的接地脚或电压脚与其接地层或电压层通常会以“一字桥”或“十字脚”与外面的大铜面进行互联。至于穿层而过完全不接大铜面的通孔,则必须取消任何桥梁而与外界隔绝。为了避免因受热而变形起见,通孔与大铜面之间必须留出膨胀所需的伸缩空间,这个

空间即是接地层的空环。

h

haloing ——白圈,白边。通常是当线路板基材的板材在钻孔,开槽等机械加

工太猛时,造成内部树脂的破裂或微小的开裂之现象。

hay wire 也称ju(版权归好范文网:WwW.hAowOrD.Com)mper wire.——是线路板上因板面印刷线路已断,或因设计上

的失误需在板子的表面以外采用焊接方式用包漆线连接。

heat sink plane ——散热层。为了降低线路板的热量,通常在班子的零件之

外,再加一层已穿许多脚孔的铝板。

hipot test ——即high postential test ,高压测试,是指采取比实际使用时

更高的直流电压来进行各种电性试验,以查出所漏的电流大校

hook ——切削刃缘不直,钻咀的钻尖部分是由四个表面所立体组成,其中两个第一面是负责切削功用,两个第二面是负责支持第一面的。其第一面的前缘就

是切削动作的刀口。正确的刀口应该很直,翻磨不当会使刃口变成外宽内窄的

弯曲状,是钻咀的一种次要缺陷。

hole breakout ——破孔。是指部分孔体已落在焊环区之外,使孔壁未能受到

焊环的完全包围。

hole location ——孔位,指孔的中心点位置。

hole pull strength ——指将整个孔壁从板子上拉下的力量,即孔壁与板子所

存在地固著力量。

hole void ——破洞,指已完成电镀的孔壁上存在地见到底材的破洞。 hot air leveling ——热风整平,也称喷锡。从锡炉中沾锡的板子,经过高压

的热风,将其多余的锡吹去。

hybrid integrated circuit ——是一种在小型瓷质薄板上,以印刷方式施加贵重金属导电油墨之线路,再经高温将油墨中的有机物烧走,而在板上留下导

体线路,并可以进行表面粘装零件的焊接。

i

icicle ——锡尖,是指在组装板经过波峰焊后,板子焊锡面上所出现的尖锥状

的焊锡,也叫solder projection。

i.c socket ——集成电路块插座。

image transfer ——图象转移,在电路板工业中是指将底片上的线路图象,以

“直接光阻”的方式或“间接印刷”的方式转移到板面上。

immersion plating ——浸镀,是利用被镀金属与溶液中金属离子间电位差的关系,在浸入的瞬间产生置换作用,使被镀金属表面原子抛出电子的同时,让溶液中的金属离子收到电子,而立即在被镀金属表面产生一层镀层。也叫

galvanic displacement。

impendent ——阻抗,“电路”对流经其中已知频率之交流电流,所产生的全

部阻力称为阻抗(z),其单位是欧姆。

impendent control ——阻抗控制,线路板中的导体中会有各种信号的传递,当为提高其传输速率而必须提高其频率,线路本身若因蚀刻而导致截面积大小

不定

s

screen ability ——网印能力,指网版印刷加工时,其油墨在刮压之作用下具

有透过网布之露空部分,而顺利漏到板上的能力。

screen printing ——网版印刷,是指在已有图案的网布上,用刮刀刮挤压出

油墨,将要转移地图案转移到板面上,也叫“丝网印刷”。

secondary side ——第二面,即线路板的焊锡面,solder side。

shank ——钻咀的炳部。

shoulder angle ——肩斜角,指钻头的柄部与有刃的部分之间,有一种呈斜肩

式的外形过渡区域,其斜角即称为肩斜角。

silk screen ——网板印刷,用聚酯网布或不锈钢网布当载体,将正负片的图案以直接乳胶或间接版膜方式转移到网框的网布上形成的网版,作为对线路板

印刷的工具。

skip printing,plating ——漏印,漏镀。

sliver ——边条,版面之线路两侧,其最上缘表面出,因镀层超过阻剂厚度,常发生在两侧横向伸长的情形,此种细长的悬边因下方并无支撑,常容易断落

在板上,将可能发生短路的情形,而这种·悬边就叫“sliver”。

smear ——胶渣,在线路板钻孔时,其钻头与板材在快速摩擦的过程中,会产生高温高热,而将板材中的树脂予以软化甚至液化,以致涂满了孔壁,冷却后

即成为一层胶渣。

solder ——焊锡,是指各种比例的锡铅合金,可当成电子零件焊剂所用的焊料,其中,线路板以63/37的锡铅比例的solder最为常用,因为这种比例时,其熔点最低(183°c),而且是由固态直接转化为液态,反之亦然,其间并无经过

浆态。

solder ability ——可焊性,各种零件的引脚和线路板的焊垫等金属体,其接

受銲锡的能力。

solder ball ——锡球,当板面的绿漆或基材上树脂硬化情形不好时,又受助焊剂的影响或发生溅锡的情形时,在焊点的附近板面上,常会附有一些细小的

颗粒状的焊锡点,称为锡球。

solder bridge ——锡桥,指组装之线路板经焊接后,在不该有通路的地方,

常会出现不当地銲锡导体,而着成错误的短路。

solder bump ——銲锡凸块,为了与线路板的连接,在晶片的连接点处须做上

各种形状的微“銲锡凸块”。

solder side ——焊锡面,见“secondary side”。

spindle ——主轴,指线路板行业使用的钻机的主轴,可夹紧钻咀高速运转。 static eliminator ——静电消除装置,线路板是以有机树脂为基材,在制程中的某些磨刷工作将会产生静电。故在清洗后,还须进行除静电的工作,才不

致吸附灰尘及杂物。一般生产线上均应设置各种消除静电装置。

substrate ——底材,在线路板工业中专指无铜箔的基材板而言。

substractive process ——减成法,是指将基材上部分无用的铜箔减除掉,而

达成线路板的做法称为“减成法”。

support hole (金属)——支撑通孔,指正常的镀通孔,即具有金属孔壁的孔。 surface-mount device(smd) ——表面装配零件,不管是具有引脚,或封装是否完整的各式零件,凡能够利用锡膏做为焊料,而能在板面焊垫上完成焊接组

装者皆称为smd。

surface mount technology ——表面装配技术,是利用板面焊垫进行焊接或结

合的组装技术,有别于采用通孔插焊的传统的组装方式,称为smt。

t

tab ——接点,金手指,在线路板上是指板边系列接点的金手指而言,是一种

非正规的说法。

tape automatic bonding (tab) ——卷带自动结合。

tenting ——盖孔法,是利用干膜在外层板上作为不镀锡铅之直接阻剂,可同时能将各通孔自其两端孔口处盖紧,能保护孔壁不致受药水的攻击,同时也能

保护上下板面的焊环,但对无环的孔壁则力有所不及。

tetrafuctional resin ——四功能树脂,线路板狭义是指有四个反应基的环氧树脂,这是一种染成黄色的基材,其tg可高达180°,尺寸安定性也较fr-4

好。

thermo-via ——导热孔,在线路板上大型ic等高功率零件,在工作中慧产生大量的热,必须要将此热量予以排散,以免损及电子设备的寿命,其中一个简

单的方法,就是利用 ic的底座空地,刻意另行制作pth将热量直接引至背面的

大铜面上,进行散热,这种用于导热而不导电的通孔称为导热孔。

thief ——辅助阴极,见 “robber”。

thin copper foil ——铜箔基材上所附的铜箔,凡其厚度低于0.7mil的称为

thin copper foil。

thin core ——薄基材,多层板的内层是由薄基材制作。

through hole mounting ——通孔插装,是指早期线路板上各零件之组装,皆

采用引脚插孔及填锡方式进行,以完成线路板上的互连。

tie bar ——分流条,在线路板工业中是指板面经过蚀刻得到独立的线路后,若还需进一步电镀时,需预先加设导电的路径才能继续进行,例如镀金导线。

touch up ——修理。

trace ——线路 指线路板上的一般导线或线条而言,通常并不包括通孔,大地,

焊垫及焊环 。

twist ——板翘,指板面从对角线两侧的角落发生变形翘起,称为板翘。其测

量的方法是将板的三个叫落紧台面,再测量翘起的角的高度 。

w

wicking ——灯芯效应,质地疏松的灯芯或烛心,对油液会发生抽吸的毛细现象,称为wicking.电路板之板材经过钻孔后,其玻璃纤维切断处常呈松疏状,也能吸入pth的各种槽液,以致造成一小段化学铜层存留在其中,此种渗也称

为“灯芯效应”。

x

x-ray ——x光。

y

yield ——良品率,生产批量中通过品质检验的良品,其所占总产量的百分率

第四篇:smt常用术语中英文对照

简称

英文全称

中文解释

smt

surface mounted technology表面贴装技术

smd

surface mount device表面安装设备(元件)dip

dual in-line package双列直插封装

qfp

quad flat package四边引出扁平封装pqfp

plastic quad flat package塑料四边引出扁平封装sqfp

shorten quad flat package缩小型细引脚间距qfpbga

ball grid array package

球栅阵列封装

pga

pin grid array package

针栅阵列封装

cpga

ceramic pin grid array

陶瓷针栅阵列矩阵

plcc

plastic leaded chip carrier

塑料有引线芯片载体

clcc

ceramic leaded chip carrier

塑料无引线芯片载体

sop

small outline package

小尺寸封装

tsop

thin small outline package

薄小外形封装

sot

small outline transistor

小外形晶体管

soj

small outline j-lead package

j形引线小外形封装

soic

small outline integrated circuit package小外形集成电路封装

mcm

multil chip carrier

多芯片组件

melf

圆柱型无脚元件

d

diode

二极管

r

resistor

电阻

soc

system on chip

系统级芯片

csp

chip size package

芯片尺寸封装

cob

chip on board板上芯片

第五篇:外贸常用术语 中英文对照

外贸常用术语 中英文对照

2014-02-23 16:27:31 作者:tc001 来源: 浏览次数:324

1.packing list deatiling the complete inner packing specification and contents of each package 载明每件货物之内部包装的规格和内容的装箱单 14.combined invoice is not acceptable 不接受联合发票转 the stipulations of “uniform customs and practice for documentary credits”“跟单信用证统一惯例”

1.packing list deatiling the complete inner packing specification and contents of each package 载明每件货物之内部包装的规格和内容的装箱单

2.packing list detailing? 详注??的装箱单

3.packing list showing in detail? 注明??细节的装箱单

4.weight list 重量单

5.weight notes 磅码单(重量单)

6.detailed weight list 明细重量单

7.weight and measurement list重量和尺码单

8.signed commercial invoice已签署的商业发票 in duplicate 一式两份 in triplicate 一式三份 in quadruplicate 一式四份 in quintuplicate 一式五份 in sextuplicate 一式六份 in septuplicate 一式七份 in octuplicate一式八份 in nonuplicate 一式九份 in decuplicate 一式十份

9.beneficiary's original signed commercial invoices at least in 8 copies issued in the name of the buyer indicating (showing/evidencing/specifying/declaration of) the merchandise, country of origin and any other relevant information. 以买方的名义开具、注明商品名称、原产国及其他有关资料,并经签署的受益人的商业发票正本至少一式八份

10.signed attested invoice combined with certificate of origin and value in 6 copies as reuired for imports into nigeria. 以签署的,连同产地证明和货物价值的,输入尼日利亚的联合发票一式六份

11.beneficiary must certify on the invoice?have been sent to the accountee 受益人须在发票上证明,已将??寄交开证人 5.4% discount should be deducted from total amount of the commercial invoice 商业发票的总金额须扣除4%折扣

12.invoice must be showed: under a/p no.? date of expiry 19th jan. 1981 发票须表明:根据第??号购买证,满期日为1981年1月19日

13.documents in combined form are not acceptable不接受联合单据

14.combined invoice is not acceptable 不接受联合发票转 the stipulations of “uniform customs and practice for documentary credits”“跟单信用证统一惯例”

15.except as otherwise stated herein---除本证另有规定外

16.except so far as otherwise expressly stated---除非另有明确表示

17.this credit is subject to?---本证根据??解释

18.uniform customs and practice for documentary credits---跟单信用证统一惯例

19.international chamber of commerce brochure no.400---国际商会第400号手册20.1983 revision---1983年修订本

21.except as otherwise expressly stated herein, this credit is subject to uniform customs and practice for documentary credits 1993 revision, international chamber of commerce,

publication no.500---除另有规定外,本证根据国际商会第500号出版物《跟单信用证统一惯例》1993年修订解释

22.支付条件(terms of payment) (1)our usual way of payment is by confirmed and irrevocable letter of credit available by draft at sight for the full amount of the contracted goods to be established in our favour through a bank acceptable to the sellers. 我们的一般付款方式是保兑的、不可撤销的、以我公司为受益人的、足额信用证,见票即付。信用证应通过为卖方认可的银行开出。

23.支付条件(terms of payment) (1)our usual way of payment is by confirmed and irrevocable letter of credit available by draft at sight for the full amount of the contracted goods to be established in our favour through a bank acceptable to the sellers. 我们的一般付款方式是保兑的、不可撤销的、以我公司为受益人的、足额信用证,见票即付。信用证应通过为卖方认可的银行开出。

(2)for payment,we require 100% value,confirmed and irrevocable letter of credit with partial shipment and transhipment allowed clause,available by draft at sight,payable against surrendering the full set of shipping documents to the negotiating bank here. 我们要求用100%金额的、保兑的、不可撤销的信用证,并规定允许转船和分批装运,凭汇票向议付行交单即期付款。

(3)the letter of credit should be established with its clauses in confirmation with the terms and conditions of the contract.信用证所开条款,必须与合约条款相符。

(4)we usually accept payment by l/c at sight draft or by t/t in advance,but never by c.o.d. 通常我们接受即期信用证付款或电汇。我们从不接受货到付款的办法。 we insist on a letter of credit. 我们坚持用信用证方式付款。 as i've said, we require payment by l/c. 我已经说过了,我们要求以信用证付款。 we still intend to use letter of credit as the term of payment. 我们仍然想用信用证付款方式。 we always require l/c for our exports. 我们出口一向要求以信用证付款。 l/c at sight is normal for our exports to france. 我们向法国出口一般使用即期信用证付款。 we pay by l/c for our imports. 进口我们也采用信用证汇款。 our terms of payment is confirmed and irrevocable letter of credit. 我们的付款条件是保兑的不可撤消的信用证。 you must be aware that an irrevocable l/c gives the exporter the additional protection of banker's guarantee. 你必须意识到不可撤消信用证为出口商提供了银行担保。 is the wording of "confirmed" necessary for the letter of credit? 信用证上还用写明“保兑”字样吗? for payment we require 100% value, irrevocable l/c in our favour with partial shipment allowed clause available by draft at sight. 我们要求用不可撤消的、允许分批装运、金额为全部货款、并以我方为抬头人的信用证,凭即期汇票支付

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