2020年成考高起点英语语法归纳与练习-ING分词(3)

九、-ING分词的逻辑主语

　　1. -ING分词除了具有动词的特点以外，它还有名词的特点，即可以加物主代词(如my，your，his等)和名词的属格(如Wang Qing's等)来表示其逻辑主语(这时-ING的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致)

　　43) I suggest on an excursion this Sunday.

　　[A] we are going [B] to go [C] us going [D] our going

　　44) on a clear day， far from the city crowds， the mountains give him a sense of infinite peace.

　　[A] If walking [B] While walking [C] Walking [D] When one is walking

　　45) Marta [A] being chosen [B] as the most outstanding [C] student on her campus made her parents [D] very happy.

　　2. 还有一种-ING分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致的情况，这时直接可用“-ING分词的主语+-ING”来表示，这样的-ING分词短语可由介词引导。这种结构叫独立结构

　　46) A new technique ， the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent.

　　[A] to have been worked out [B] having worked out

　　[C] working out [D] having been worked out

　　47) Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office， but our work ， we declined the offer.

　　[A] not being finished[B] not having finished[C] had not been finished[D] was not finished

　　3. 如果逻辑主语已和句子主语一致，那么其逻辑主语就可省略(在使用这种用法时要注意：-ING分词所表示的动作[ZZ(]一定[ZZ)]是主语所发出的，也就是说-ING分词的逻辑主语[ZZ(]一定[ZZ)]是主句的主语。试比较下列句子)

　　Getting into the room， I smelled a terrible smell.(getting 是 I 的动作)

　　Getting into the room， it give a terrible smell. (错误)

　　Walking through the forest， we found many strange animals. (walking 是 we 发出的)

　　Walking through the forest， a lot of animals are there. (错误)

　　Looking out of the window of our hotel room， we saw zigzag mountains. (Looking的使动者是we)

　　Looking out of the window of our hotel room， there were zigzag mountians.(错误)

　　48) Never attempting to be a literary stylist， in her novels.

　　[A] she considered the plot the most important element

　　[B] the most important element considered to be the plot

　　[C] considering the plot the most important element

　　[D] the plot was considered to be the most important element

　　49) with the new method， the material does not break up easily.

　　[A] To have treated [B] Having treated [C] Being treated [D] Having been treated

　　50) Attempting to reach his home before the storm， .

　　[A] the bicycle of John broke down[B] it happened that John's bike broke down

　　[C] the storm caught John[D] John had an accident on his bicycle

　　4. -ING分词的主语可以与做主语的名词或代词(即代词的主格)一致，放在-ING前边，与

　　-ING分词构成逻辑上的“主谓”关系。但是，-ING分词(还有-ED分词)短语作状语时，也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的“主语”。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，叫做独立结构。在很多情况下它都相当于各种形式的状语，表示一种伴随的动作或情况

　　51) Weather ， we'll go sightseeing.

　　[A] permitted[B] is permitted[C] permitting[D] is permitting

　　52) There are four factories in our institute， .

　　[A] each to have over 100 workers[B] each having over 100 worders

　　[C] which there are over 100 workers[D] with each that has over 100 workers

　　53) We went to [A] the World Park， Xiao Wang act [B] as guide for [C] he had been there several times [D]。

　　十、习惯用法

　　1. There is no +-ING分词，表示“不可能”

　　There is no getting along with him.(无法和他相处。)

　　2. It(There) is no use (good) +-ING分词，表示“无用”= It is of no use (good) to +V：

　　There(It) is no use advising him to give up smoking.(劝他戒烟是徒劳的。)

　　3. be busy(worth)+-ING分词 (忙于)

　　He is busy mapping out his plans for the next semester.

　　4. feel like+-ING分词 (想)

　　I don't feel like eating just now.(我现在不想吃。)

　　5. What do you say to+-ING分词?(…怎么样?)

　　What do you say to joining us for dinner?(和我们一起进餐，你看怎么样?)

　　6. spend+时间+(in)+-ING分词

　　Jane spent several days (in) preparing for the final exams.(简花了好几天时间准备期末考试。)7.

　　difficulty

　　trouble

　　have + a problem +(in)+ -ING分词

　　a good(hard) time

　　fun (快乐)

　　54) The student had [A] difficulty to write [B] a short paragraph [C] correctly [D] .

　　55) I imagine that [A] I could go to the theater again and have just as good a time [B] not try to [C] think of an opening sentence [D] .

　　十一、例题解析

　　1) B为正确答案。2) D为正确答案。3) C为正确答案。

　　4) B错。 改为to determine，关于动词不定式与-ING分词的区别请参见第七章“小结”。

　　5) D为正确答案。6) B为正确答案。7) A为正确答案。8) B错。改为using.9) A错。改为bringing.

　　10) C为正确答案。

　　11) B为正确答案。“start+不定式”与“start+-ING”有所不同，前者表示具体动作，后者表示一般性动作或状态。

　　12) C错。改为comparing.13) B错。改为her going.

　　14) C错。改为to keeping.be committed to+名词或-ING分词，意为“同意承担，答应(干某事或支持某事)。”

　　15) A错。 改为your leaving.16) B为正确答案。17) A为正确答案。18) C错。改为to living.

　　19) C错。 改为giving.20) A为正确答案。21) C为正确答案。22) A为正确答案。

　　23) C错。改成“growing”。本句中先后出现了两个动词，“grow”和“is”，这显然不合语法。将“grow”变为“growing”后便构成了-ING短语，修饰“trees”。[参见第六章]

　　24) B为正确答案。stealing表示正在进行。25) D错。改为asking.26) D为正确答案。27) B为正确答案。

　　28) A错。改成“Being a dancer”。29) A为正确答案。30) B为正确答案。31) A为正确答案。

　　32) B为正确答案。本句空白处缺能起定语作用的词，用来修饰前面的名词paintings.

　　33) B为正确答案。本句空白后面的成分为-ING短语，相当于“which means…”。C 表面上正确，但英语中没有连接词连接的两个分句是不能成立的，但我们可以说“which means”，用“which”指代“Nebrathka”。但这样就变成非限定性定语从句了。

　　34) A为正确答案。本句相当于一个非限定性定语从句(which amounts to…)，amount(总计) -不及物动词，故没有-ED分词。 35) C为正确答案。36) B错。 改为to find.37) D为正确答案。38) A为正确答案。39) C为正确答案。

　　40) A错。Upon being questioned.41) D为正确答案。42) B为正确答案。43) D为正确答案。44) D为正确答案。

　　45) A错。改为Marta's.46) D为正确答案。47) A为正确答案。48) A为正确答案。49) D为正确答案。

　　50) D为正确答案。51) C为正确答案。52) B为正确答案。53) B错。改为acting.54) B错。改为writing.

　　55) C错。改为trying to.