2020年成人高考专升本英文时态知识点汇总二

被动语态

　　助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词

　　含有情态动词：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分辞

　　短语动词 ：example takes good care >> taken good care

　　虚拟语气

　　用来表示非真实的假设，表示命令、建议或说话人的主观愿望

　　条件从句 主句

　　违背现在事实 过去式 should / would / could / might + 动词原形

　　If the manager were here , he might make a decision immediately

　　违背过去事实 had + 过去分词 should / would / could / might + have + 过去分词

　　I could have done it better if I had been more careful

　　违背将来事实 should + 动词原形 should / would / could / might + 动词原形

　　were + 动词不定式( were to + 动词原形)

　　If it should rain tomorrow , what could we do ?

　　在下列结构的主语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气

　　It is necessary / imperative / important / essential / advisable that

　　It is proposed / desired / requested / suggested / recommended / demanded / decided / arranged that

　　混合虚拟句 条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作，在时间上不一致，动词形式需要调整

　　If you had taken the medicine yesterday , you would be well now。

　　Suggest , order , ask , demand , command , request , require etc.这些动词的宾语从句用虚拟句， 在这些动词后面的宾语从句中，助动词一律是should 。

　　It is ( It was ) important ，其后的主语从句用虚拟语气，助动词用should 。

　　It is important that we ( should ) learn computer .

　　Wish + ( that ) 从句，通常表示不可能实现的愿望。 表示现在的动作或状态是，从句中的动词用过去时;表示过去的动作或状态时，从句中的动词用had + 过去分词。

　　但是，从句中动词用would (might ) + 动词原形时，表示现在或将来有可能实现的愿望

　　I wish I knew a little contract law . 但愿我知道一点合同法(我不知道)

　　I wish you would come tomorrow . 我希望你明天能来 (有可能来)

　　As if / as thought 引导的状语从句(或表语从句)中，常用虚拟语气。

　　如果从句表示的意思与现在事实相反，谓语动词则应使用过去式;

　　如果从句表示的意思与过去事实相反，谓语动词则使用 had + 过去分词的形式 。

　　基本句型

　　主语 + 谓语动词 The two-man spaceship took off this morning 。

　　主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 The drilling machine is making a hole 。

　　主语 + 连系动词 + 表语 The answer is off the point 。

　　主语 + 谓语动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语

　　The new approach has saved us a great deal of time

　　主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 We like our guests to feel at home 。

　　常用连词

　　等立连词：and , so , not only ~ but also , neither ~ now , or , otherwise , either ~ or , but , yet , still , however , while ,whereas, for

　　常用关联词

　　主从连词 that , whether , if

　　连接代词 who , whom , whose , what , where , which

　　连接副词 when , where , why , how

　　倒装句

　　Never , Scarcely , hardly , rarely , little , nowhere , no sooner ~ than , not only , in no case , in no way , on no accoune , at no time , under no circumstances (这些词或词组放在句首作壮语时)

　　There be 句型和大多数的疑问句都是倒装句

　　Here , there , then , thus 等副词放在句首时，谓语动词为come , be , exist , follow 等不及物动词时，句子一般都为全部倒装 Here is a book for you . Here comes the bus .

　　句首为 so , nor , neither 等副词时、表明前句说明的情况也适用于本句时 ，句子为倒装

　　Richard can speak Japanese . So can his sister

　　在虚拟语气中，非真实条件从句中的连词省略时，句子为倒装。这时，倒装到主语前的助动次 had ,should 和动词were 。 Had I left a little earlier , I would have missed the train

　　so / nor / neither + 系动词/ 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语

　　表示前句中谓语所说明的情况也同样适用于后句中的主语，用到装。

　　He doesn’t like music . Nor / Neither do I .

　　在Hardly ~~ when 和 No sooner ~~ than 以及 Not until 的句型中，由于否定词或否定词组放在句首，主句部分中的主、谓要到装―――助动词 + 主语 + 动词原形

　　No sooner had he got well than he left the hospital .