2020年成人高考高起点英语复习笔记:名词
1.名词的数
A、常见的不可数名词
1.Fluids(流体):
air空气, smoke烟, water水, oil油, ink墨木, juice果汁,
rain雨水, tea茶, coffee咖啡, wine酒,beer啤酒
2.Substances(物质):
paper纸, glass玻璃,wood木头,iron铁, chalk粉笔,
fruit水果,meat肉, beef牛肉, mutton羊肉,chicken鸡肉,
sugar糖, salt盐, rice米, sand沙子, dust灰尘,
gold黄金
3.Abstracts(抽象名词):
health健康, wealth财富, honesty诚实, friendship友谊,
wisdom智慧, attention注意力,luck运气, progress进步,
work工作, room空间, news新闻, information消息,
love爱, trouble 麻烦, happiness幸福, silence寂静
4.Subjects(学科):
physics物理, chemistry化学, mathematics数学,history历史,
geography地理, English英语, biology生物, music音乐
B. 、可数名词的复数形式
1.直接在词尾加-s,如 desks, maps, cats, pens cars, farms
2.以-s, -x, -ch, sh结尾的词加-es :glasses, classes, buses, boxes, foxes, watches, matches, brushes, dishes(例外:stomachs 胃)
3.以-O 结尾的词:
Negroes, heres, potatoes, tomatoes(有生命的名词加-es);
photos, pianos, kilos, radios, zoos studios(无生命的名词加-es)
4.辅音字母+y 结尾的,把y 变为i再加es :
city-cities, story-stories, baby-babies, dictionary-dictionaries,
factory- factories, fly- flies, diary-diaries
但是,元音字母+y――直接+s toy――toys
5.以 -f, -fe结尾的单词,去掉f,-fe 再加 ves:
knife-knives, wife-wives, life-lives, wolf-wolves,
thief-thieves, leaf-leaves
例外:roof-roofs屋顶, belief-beliefs信仰, gulf-gulfs海湾
safe-safes, handkerchief-handker chiefs手帕
6.特殊变化:
man-men woman→woman
child→children, tooth→teeth,
goose→geese鹅 foot→feet,
mouse→mice, looker-on→lookers-on 旁观者
passer-by→passers-by过路人,
editor-in-chief→editors-in-chief总编辑,
man-doctor→men doctors,
woman-doctor→women doctors;
fish, deer, Chinese, sheep单复数同形。
C、 只有复数形式的名词
1.下列名词,只有复数形式,只能接复数形式的动词:
clothes衣服, fireworks烟火, wages工资, thanks谢意,
remains残留物,sweets糖果
2.由相同两部分构成的名词,只有复数形式,只能接复数形式的动词:
scissors剪刀, glasses眼镜, trousers裤子,shoes鞋,
socks袜, gloves手套
这些名词如表示数量,要以 pair为单位,如:
a pair of shoes一双鞋 two pairs of shoes 两双鞋
a pair of glasses一副眼镜 two pairs of glasses两副眼镜
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