词汇和语法复习:动词二-2019年高起点英语复习考点-湖南成教
英语词汇和语法复习:动词二
二、动词的基本形式
动词除原形外,还有过去式、过去分词和现在分词三种形式。
(一)过去式和过去分词的构成
1.一般情况下在原形后加-ed.如:work-worked, help-helped.
2.以e结尾的单词,在原形后加-d.如:like-liked, joke-joked, hope-hoped.
3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词,变y为i再加-ed.如:study-studied, carry-carried, copy-copied.
4.以重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的单词,双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed.如:stop-stopped, prefer-preferred, admit-admitted, plan-planned.
有些动词的过去式和过去分词有特殊的形式。
cost-cost-cost meet-met- met catch-caught-caught rise-rose-risen drive-drove- driven get-got-got/gotten leave-left-left smell-smelt/smelled-smelt/smelled tell-told-told
take-took-taken
(二)现在分词的构成
1.一般情况下在原形后加-ing.如:go-going, carry-carrying, play-playing, answer-answering, ask-asking. 2.以不发音的e结尾的单词,去e加-ing .如:live-living, come-coming, dance-dancing, write-writing. 3.以重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的词,双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ing . 如:sit-sitting, begin-beginning, permit-permitting, run-running, forget-forgetting.
有些动词的现在分词有其特殊形式。如:die-dying, lie-lying, tie-tying, picnic-picnicking.
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