2019年成考高起点英语语法归纳与练习（十九）

    lesson 19 ed分词（一）

   内 容 提 要      -ED分词即我们平常所说的动词过去分词。它有两种形式：规则动词形式和不规则动词形式。规则动词形式由规则动词＋-ED构成；不规则动词有其特殊的-ED分词。在语法功能上，它在句子中所能承担的成分基本与-ING分词相同，可以作表语，定语，状语，也可以用在复合结构中，不管它作什么成分，其最基本的含义是“被动”的。-ED分词在语法功能和意义上与-ING分词有一定的区别。      第一节 -ED分词的用法      一、-ED分词作表语      The glass is broken. / He was amused. / She seemed quite disappointed. / He is greatly discouraged by her refusal of inviting her to the party. / The window remains locked.      已经形容词化了的-ED分词大都作表语，常见的有：accomplished， amazed， amused， astonished， broken， closed， completed， complicated， confused， crowded， deserted， devoted， disappointed， discouraged， dressed， drunk， exhausted， excited， experienced， fadded， fascinated， frightened， hurt， inexperienced， interested， known， learned， lost， married， pleased， puzzled， qualified， satisfied， surprised， tired， unprepared， unqualified， unkown， upset， worried， wounded等。      二、作定语的-ED分词      -ED分词可以作前置定语也可以作后置定语，作后置定语时相当于一个定语从句      1） Commercial banks make most of their income from interest on loans and investments in stocks and bonds.      ［A］ earn ［B］ earned ［C］ to earn［D］ was earned      2） On his return from his college， he found the house .      ［A］ deserting［B］ deserted［C］ desert［D］ to be deserted      3） The age ［A］ of a geological sample can be estimated ［B］ from the ratio of radioactive to nonradioactive carbon present ［C］ in the object is examined ［D］ .      三、用作状语的-ED分词      这样的-ED分词通常来自及物动词。-ED分词用作状语时，跟-ING分词作状语时一样，修饰主句的谓语动词，意义上相当于状语从句，表示时间，条件，原因，伴随状况等。-ED分词结构作状语，前边往往可以加when，while，if，as if，though.这时，我们可以把-ED分词结构理解为一个省略句，即省去了“主语和be的变化形式”。一般说来，这种结构的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。      1. 表示时间      4） Inaugurated a second time on March 4， 1901， focused on domestic rather than foreign policies.      ［A］ William McKinley‘s new term looked forward to and      ［B］ the new term looked forward to William McKinley and      ［C］ looking forward to a new term was William McKinley      ［D］ William McKinley looked forward to a new term      2. 表示条件      5） under a microscope，a fresh snowflake has a delicate sixpointed shape.      ［A］ Seen ［B］ Sees ［C］ Seeing［D］ To see      6） to steel，chromium（铬） increases the metal‘s hardness.      ［A］ Added ［B］ In addition ［C］ Adding［D］ Adds      7） enough food and water， they could have beaten the enemy.      ［A］ Being given［B］ Given［C］ Give      ［D］ To give3. 表示原因      8） Encouraged by his mother， .      ［A］ art was studied in Florence by John Singer Sargent      ［B］ Florence was where John Singer Sargent studied art      ［C］ the study of art in Florence by John Singer Sargent      ［D］ John Singer Sargent studied art in Florence.