2019年成考高起点英语语法归纳与练习(十五)
lesson 15 情态动词(二) 内 容 提 要 情态动词有can(能),may(可以),must(必须),have to(不得不),ought to(应该),dare(敢),used to(过去经常),had better(最好),would rather(宁愿)。在肯定句中它们后边都要接 动词原形 .在否定句中,can,may,must和dare后边加not;have to和ought to分别在have和ought后加not;used to的否定式可用used not to,也可用didn‘t use to,但后者用得较多;had better和would rather的否定式分别是had better not和would rather not.这些情态动词与现在完成时连用在某种意义上有一定的虚拟性。 情态动词与完成时的使用 一、must+have+ED分词:用于肯定句,表示对过去情况的一种肯定推测,表示“肯定,一定” 1) It around nine o‘clock when I drove back home because it was already dark. [A] had to be [B] must have been [C] was to be [D] must be 2) John‘s score on the test is the highest in the class; [A] he should study last night [B] he should have studied last night [C] he must have studied last night [D] he must had to study last night 3) After searching [A] for evidence in the house,the police concluded [B] that the thief must have come in [C] through the window and stole [D] the silver while the family was asleep. 二、may (might)+have+ED分词:用于肯定句和否定句,表示对已发生事情的不肯定的推测,相当于“可能,大概,”其中might较may 语气更弱,把握更小 She might have gone to see her doctor last week, but I am not sure. 上星期或许她去看医生了,但我不敢肯定。 Don‘t worry, your husband may not have been hurt seriously. 别急,你丈夫也许伤得不厉害。 三、should(ought to)+have+ED分词:肯定句表示过去本应发生的事却没有发生;否定句表示已发生了本不该发生的事。前者可译为“本应,”后者为“本不该” You should have apologized to her for not soon replying to the letter. 你本应向她道歉,说明为什么没能及时回信。(可你没这么做) 4) You yesterday if you were really serious about your work. [A] ought to come[B] ought to be coming[C] ought to have come[D] ought have come 四、can(not) +have+ED分词 He is an hour lateHe can have been delayed by fog. Of course,that‘s a possibility.他迟到了1小时,可能因为大雾而耽搁了。当然这只是可能性问题。 The poem can not have been written by her since she was only five years old then.这诗不可能是她写的,因为她那时才5岁。 五、“could+have+ED分词”有时用于表示过去的时间,说明某事可能或不可能已发生;有时可表示过去本来可以做某事,但却未做 I simply can‘t understand how he could have made such a mistake. 我简直不明白他怎么会犯那样的错误。 He walked there,but he could have taken a taxi. 他走着去了,可当时完全可以坐出租。 “couldn‘t+have+ED分词”还表示无论如何也不可能或没有做到
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