2019年成人高考(高起点)英语语法归纳与练习6

 lesson 6 　　形容词和副词(二)

  　　内 容 提 要——形容词与副词比较级和最高级的基本用法   　　一、原级比较的基本用法   　　1. 原级比较由“as+形容词或副词(或再加名词或短语)+as ”构成“原级相同”比较句，表示两者比较;其否定式，即“程度不及”比较句型为“not so(as) +形容词或副词+as”，而且as…as结构前可用just， almost， nearly， quite等表示程度的词修饰   　　2. “as (so)+名词+as+名词”进行名词比较，这时一般情况下有一个表示原级的比较词，但如果第一名词前出现了形容词修饰该词或出现副词修饰谓语，应当用so而不用as   　　二、比较级   　　1. 比较级由“形容词(副词)比较级+than+…，”构成表示在两者中间一方比另一方“更加…”。连词than后可接句子，也可接名词、代词、名词短语、介词短语、动词、动词不定式、ING结构和ED结构，有时也可省去than.   　　2. 注意than前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致   　　三、最高级   　　1. 最高级用于三者以上比较，形容词的结构形式是“定冠词+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句”(如all， of all， of the tree， in the world， that has ever taken place等)   　　2. 副词的最高级与形容词最高级的区别在于最高级前没有定冠词the   　　四、同步练习   　　1) Walking briskly for thirty minutes will burn as many calories as .   　　[A] to run for fifteen minutes   　　[B] running for fifteen minutes   　　[C] you run for fifteen minutes   　　[D] fifteenminute walking   　　解析：B为正确答案。   　　2) The gorilla(大猩猩)， while [A] not quite as curious than [B] the chimpanzee(黑猩猩)， shows more persistence [C] and memory retention(记忆力) in solving [D] a problem.   　　解析：B错。改为 as ，和前面的as和形容词原形curious 一起构成同程度比较。   　　3) Alaska is twice [A] as larger [B] as [C] the next largest [D] state， Texas.   　　解析：B错。 改为as large.   　　4) Thomas Jefferson's achievements as an architect rival his contributions a politician.   　　[A] such [B] more [C] as [D] than   　　解析：C对。动词rival(胜过、匹敌)前后是两个相比较的成分achievements(成果)和 contributions(贡献)，由于前面的名词后出现了短语 as an architect，故空白处也应用as，使前后对比成分一致。   　　5) I should say Henry is not much a writer as a reporter.   　　[A] that [B] so [C] this [D] as   　　解析：B为正确答案。   　　6) Natural mica(云母) of [A] a superior [B] quality is cheapest [C] to obtain than synthetic [D] mica.   　　解析：C错。应改为比较级cheaper.比较级后并不一定跟接连词than，有时在其间有名词或名词短语(被形容词所修饰)，介词短语，不定式或其他成分隔开。   　　7) She is older than .   　　[A] any other girl in the group [B] any girl in the group   　　[C] all girls in the group [D] you and me as well as the group   　　解析：A为正确答案。“She”作为单个不能跟全组比(C和D不对)，也不能跟全组所有相比，因为“她”也是其中一员，自然“她”不能跟自己相比。这里“She”比较的是“这组中的任何一个”，所以A对。   　　8) Josephine McCrackin joined [A] the “Santa Cruz Sentinel” in 1905 and， until her death fifteen years late [B] ， remained [C] active in journalistic [D] work.   　　解析：B错。应改为比较级later，因此处实为与1905年相比晚15年，故应使用比较级。   　　9) The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than .   　　[A] ours [B] with us [C] for ours it had [D] it did for us   　　解析：D为正确答案。   　　10) Sound travels air.   　　[A] faster through water than through [B] faster than through water and   　　[C] through water faster and[D] where it is faster through water than through   　　解析：A为正确答案。   　　11) Gerbrand von den Feckhout， one of Rembrand's pupils， followed [A] the style of his teacher so implicitly that [B] his paintings [C] are sometimes confused with his master [D] .   　　解析：D错。 改为his master's.   　　12) The more [A] fearsome of all the [B] animals in [C] the Western [D] Hemisphere is the grizzly bear.   　　解析：A错。 改为most.   　　13) Of all economic [A] problems， inflation continues to be [B] a [C] most significant in its daily impact on [D] people and business.   　　解析：C错。改为the， significant是多音节形容词，在此处应用最高级形式(在前面加 the most)，注意句中的“of all… ”。   　　14) ，the most familiar to general public is the criminal jurisdiction.   　　[A] All the activities [B] The activities   　　[C] Of all the activities [D] It is the activities   　　解析：C为正确答案。本句空白处缺状语，A和B全为名词短语，不符合条件;D为句子，和空白后面的句子没有任何联系，故亦应排除。只有C正确，和后面的最高级the most familiar前后呼应。