2019年成人高考(高起点)英语语法归纳与练习8

 lesson 8 　代词(一)

  　　内 容 提 要   　　代词分人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、指示代词、关系代词和连接代词，它们在句子中承担不同的功用。   　　人 称 代 词   　　一、主格人称代词有I， we， you， he， she， they， it，主格人称代词就是在句中充当主语和表语的代词   　　二、宾格人称代词有me， us， you， him， her， them， it，宾格人称代词即在句中充当宾语(含介词宾语)的代词   　　三、同步练习   　　1) Archibald Motley's artistic talent [A] was apparent [B] by the time him [C] enrolled [D] in high school.   　　2) Legends often contain an element [A] of fact， but [B] sometimes it is [C] totally [D] untrue.   　　3) Unlike [A] road vehicles， Hovercrafts have no physical [B] contact with the surface over which [C] them [D] travel.   　　4) Let you and I [A] promise that we shall always [B] dare to do [C] what is [D] right.   　　5) Most of we [A] know that conductors direct their orchestras with a baton， but how many [B] are aware that [C] they also direct with their faces， hands [D] ， and shoulders?   　　四、例题解析   　　1) C错。him是宾格，而此处却需要作主语的人称代词，故应将him改为主格he.   　　2) C错。 改为they are.C处代替的是“Legends”而不是“an element”。   　　3) D错。them也是宾格，应改用主格they，作定语从句中的主语，谓语为travel.   　　4) A错。 改为me.   　　5) A错。改为宾格us，因为前面是介词of，us作其宾语，故用宾格。   　　物 主 代 词   　　一、表示人的物主代词用my， our， your， his， her和their，指无生命的东西用its(但指国家时一般用she或her)，它们在句中作定语   　　二、名词型物主代词能作表语(It's theirs)、主语(Mine is there)、宾语(I don't like hers)，与of连用可以作定语(the food of theirs)。   　　三、同步练习   　　1) A scientist bases its [A] work on hypotheses that [B] have been checked [C] through careful [D] experimentation.   　　2) Crude rubber is an [A] elastic(有弹性的) solid with a specific gravity of 0.911 and a refractive index(折射率) of 1.591， though it [B] composition varies with different latexes(橡浆) as well as [C] with the way it is prepared [D] at the plantation.   　　3) Manufacturers [A] of consumer goods [B] often change [C] the styles of them [D] products.   　　四、例题解析   　　1) A错。 改为his.   　　2) B错。 改为its.   　　3) D错。 改为their.