软考:ping的工作原理
ping的原理就是首先建立通道,然后发送包,对方接受后返回信息,这个包至少包括以下内容,发送的时候,包的内容包括对方的ip地址和自己的地址,还有序列数,回送的时候包括双方地址,还有时间等,主要是接受方在都是在操作系统内核里做好的,时刻在监听,提供一段c程序的代码,希望对大家有用
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#define PACKET_SIZE 4096
#define MAX_WAIT_TIME 5
#define MAX_NO_PACKETS 3
char sendpacket[PACKET_SIZE];
char recvpacket[PACKET_SIZE];
int sockfd,datalen=56;
int nsend=0,nreceived=0;
struct sockaddr_in dest_addr;
pid_t pid;
struct sockaddr_in from;
struct timeval tvrecv;
void statistics(int signo);
unsigned short cal_chksum(unsigned short *addr,int len);
int pack(int pack_no);
void send_packet(void);
void recv_packet(void);
int unpack(char *buf,int len);
void tv_sub(struct timeval *out,struct timeval *in);
void statistics(int signo)
{ printf(""n--------------------PING statistics-------------------"n");
printf("%d packets transmitted, %d received , %%%d lost"n",nsend,nreceived,
(nsend-nreceived)/nsend*100);
close(sockfd);
exit(1);
}
/*校验和算法*/
unsigned short cal_chksum(unsigned short *addr,int len)
{ int nleft=len;
int sum=0;
unsigned short *w=addr;
unsigned short answer=0;
/*把ICMP报头二进制数据以2字节为单位累加起来*/
while(nleft>1)
{ sum+=*w++;
nleft-=2;
}
/*若ICMP报头为奇数个字节,会剩下最后一字节。把最后一个字节视为一个2字节数据的高字节,这个2字节数据的低字节为0,继续累加*/
if( nleft==1)
{ *(unsigned char *)(&answer)=*(unsigned char *)w;
sum+=answer;
}
sum=(sum>>16)+(sum&0xffff);
sum+=(sum>>16);
answer=~sum;
return answer;
}
/*设置ICMP报头*/
int pack(int pack_no)
{ int i,packsize;
struct icmp *icmp;
struct timeval *tval;
icmp=(struct icmp*)sendpacket;
icmp->icmp_type=ICMP_ECHO;
icmp->icmp_code=0;
icmp->icmp_cksum=0;
icmp->icmp_seq=pack_no;
icmp->icmp_id=pid;
packsize=8+datalen;
tval= (struct timeval *)icmp->icmp_data;
gettimeofday(tval,NULL); /*记录发送时间*/
icmp->icmp_cksum=cal_chksum( (unsigned short *)icmp,packsize); /*校验算法*/
return packsize;
}
/*发送三个ICMP报文*/
void send_packet()
{ int packetsize;
while( nsend
{ nsend++;
packetsize=pack(nsend); /*设置ICMP报头*/
if( sendto(sockfd,sendpacket,packetsize,0,
(struct sockaddr *)&dest_addr,sizeof(dest_addr) )< 0 )
{ perror("sendto error");
continue;
}
sleep(1); /*每隔一秒发送一个ICMP报文*/
}
}
/*接收所有ICMP报文*/
void recv_packet()
{ int n,fromlen;
extern int errno;
signal(SIGALRM,statistics);
fromlen=sizeof(from);
while( nreceived
{ alarm(MAX_WAIT_TIME);
if( (n=recvfrom(sockfd,recvpacket,sizeof(recvpacket),0,
(struct sockaddr *)&from,&fromlen)) < 0)
{ if(errno==EINTR)continue;
perror("recvfrom error");
continue;
}
gettimeofday(&tvrecv,NULL); /*记录接收时间*/
if(unpack(recvpacket,n)==-1)continue;
nreceived++;
}
}
/*剥去ICMP报头*/
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