2020年军队职称英语卫生类A级概括大意模拟练习(7)

　　Swine Flu Outbreak

　　1 From its name, swine influenza is a viral disease transmitted among pigs. This is a respiratory disease that circulates within pig populations, but certain outbreaks occur on cold season, on winter and fall, just like how ordinary flu affects human beings.

　　2 Swine flu infects human beings and over two thousand cases of affected individuals confirm that swine flu is indeed something to be taken seriously. Normally, swine flu is not transmitted to humans. But within the bodies of swine, a process called the antigenic shift make swine flu a very contagious disease not only among pigs but also among us, people. Pigs are not only carriers of ordinary swine flu viruses, they are also carriers of other animals’ viruses- such as of birds and of human beings. This ordinary human flu can turn into a human-infecting swine flu once combined with other flu viruses. As different types of viruses are being carried by pigs, viruses may reassort and swap genes with each other to develop a new strain of flu virus. This evolved virus is now being responsible for the present swine flu epidemic.

　　3 Swine flue affects people like the ordinary flu such as sore throat, cough, nasal congestion, fever, headache, chills body aches, and fatigue. Some patients also reported diarrhea and vomiting as symptoms. Although swine flu is curable with some drugs, about 150 deaths that were caused by swine flu have been reported.

　　4 To prevent swine flu, people should take personal health precautions such as cleaning one’s hands and other hygienic practices. Since swine flu appears to be just like an ordinary flu, it would be wise for people, whether they think they have swine flu or not, to cough and sneeze on tissue papers and properly dispose them on trash cans. People should also refrain from touching their lips, eyes and nose unless their hands are really clean. Swine flu is not transmitted by eating pork since swine flue viruses are killed in meat-cooking temperature. However, one should still be careful when eating or drinking. It would be safe to make sure that one’s food is safe from germs.

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　　A.The definition of swine flu

　　B. The disease is incurable

　　C. The way the disease is transmitted to people

　　D. The disease has caused much deaths

　　E. Things we should do protect ourselves

　　F. The symptoms and influence of swine flu

　　27Pigs not only carry swine flu viruses, they also

　　28Viruses inside pigs may exchange genes to

　　29To prevent swine flu, people should

　　30Cooked pork will

　　A.form hygienic and healthy habits

　　B. develop a new strain of flu virus

　　C. still help transmit swine flu viruses

　　D. carry other animals’ viruses

　　E. become an antiviral medicine

　　F. not help transmit swine flu viruses

　　正确答案:ACFE DBAF

　　Population Crisis in Russia

　　1 The Russian government is looking for ways to stop a severe population decline in the country, which has reportedly reached record levels. The demographic crisis, which began in 1993, has only deepened despite Russia's booming economy and high revenues from the sale of oil. Last year alone, the Russian population shrank by more than half a million people.

　　2 If the Russian population continues to decline at its current rate, in just 25 years the world's largest country will be inhabited by fewer people than currently live in Japan. Experts warn that the number of Russians -- currently 142 million -- could shrink by 20 million by the year 2030.

　　3 Russian men are especially at risk as their average life expectancy is now just 58 --16 years less than their counterparts in Western Europe, and a full 14 years less than Russian women. Bad lifestyle habits, like excessive smoking and drinking, coupled with accidents and suicides are the main killers.

　　4 Russia's Minister of Health and Social Development, Mikhail Zurabov, said Russians traditionally don't take care of their health and that creates a major problem for health officials. "Unfortunately, a healthy lifestyle is not the norm here. Alcoholism, smoking and many other things create a lot of serious problems. So in an effort to resolve this, we set ourselves what looked like a very simple task. We wanted to make sure that the citizens of the Russian Federation visit their doctors once every two years. But we can't even make people do simple things like that."

　　5 And although a record number of people in Russia were reportedly married last year, many are in no rush to start families, mostly for financial reasons. And even those who do so take a serious risk. According to recent figures, seven in every 10 Russian newborns suffer from health disorders and every 12th baby is born underweight.

　　6 If this demographic trend continues, experts say the Russian economy is set to lose $400 billion U.S. in the next two decades and the number of economically active Russians will shrink by 3.6 million people in the next five years.

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　　A.Influence of population shrink on economy

　　B. Shrinking Russian population

　　C. Russian’s low birth rate

　　D. Life expectancy shortened and the reason

　　E. Russian’s carelessness about their health

　　F. Terrible situation by 2030

　　5 The Russian government is working to

　　6 The health officials want the citizens to

　　7 According to recent figures, 70% of the newborns

　　8 Experts warn, by 2030, the Russian population could

　　A.stop alcoholism and smoking

　　B. visit their doctors once every two years

　　C. prevent the population from shrinking

　　D. shrink to 122 million

　　E. suffer from health disorders

　　F. prevent the population from expanding

　　正确答案:FDEA CBED