2020年军队职称英语综合类A级完形填空习题三

　　Cost as a Factor in Supply

　　In a purely competitive market, the supplier of goods and services has no control over the market price, because he produces too little to influence market conditions. With no difference between his products and the products __1__ his competitors, he will sell nothing if he charges above the market price and he will sell all if he charges at or __2__ the market price. However, in considering the price, he must take cost of production __3__. There are times when he may be willing to sell below his cost. This might happen when prices tumble for __4__ a short time. However, no business person can __5__ lose money for a prolonged period. He must __6__ of his costs in relation to the market price if he is to compete successfully and earn a profit.职称日语考试

　　Many people have the impression that as production increases, costs per unit decrease. __7__ mass production has made this true in certain industries and at certain levels of production, __8__ logic and practical experience have shown that costs per unit begin to rise beyond a certain level of production. Some economists __9__ this principle as the law of increasing costs.

　　The reason __10__ rise as production goes up is complex. However, it is easy to recognize that as production goes up, the need for additional factors of production will also grow, resulting __11__ competitive bidding in the marketplace for the factors of production. If a producer needs __12__ skilled labor to produce more, and none of this labor is unemployed, the producer will have to get __13__ from other sources. This can be done by __14__ higher wages. Higher bidding would also apply to the other factors of production. We must also recognize that not all labor is equally productive, __15__ not all land is equally fertile and not all ore is equally rich in the mineral wanted.

　　1. A) to B) at C) of D) on

　　2. A) below B) beneath C) over D) above

　　3. A) to consider B) into consideration C) to consideration D) in consideration

　　4. A) he believes will be B) what he believes be C) what he believes will be D) he believes to be

　　5. A) afford to B) be affordable C) be afforded to D) have afforded

　　6. A) constantly aware B) constantly knowledgeable of C) be constantly aware of D) constantly aware of

　　7. A) Because B) Since C) When D) While

　　8. A) both B) as well as C) also D) but

　　9. A) refer B) refer to C) call D) are referred to

　　10. A) cost B) the cost C) the costs D) costs

　　11. A) from B) in C) D) for

　　12. A) less B) numerous C) more D) many

　　13. A) them B) these C) it D) those

　　14. A) offering B) cutting C) reducing D) having

　　15. A) as just B) just as C) because D) while

　　答案：

　　1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. A

　　6. C 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. D

　　11. B 12. C 13. C 14. A 15. B

　　Friends May Be Key to Living Longer

　　Looking for the secret of a long life? Look closely at your friends. New research suggests that having a strong network of friends helps people live longer.

　　"Older people with better social networks of friends were less likely to _____(1)over a 10-year follow-up (随访) period than older people with _____(2) friends networks，" Lynne C. Giles of Flinders University in Australia told Reuters Health.

　　But in what may come as a surprising finding to older people _____(3) rely on their children and other relatives， having a large network of relatives was not associated with longer life， according _____(4) Giles and her colleagues."

　　Of course， that is not to say that social networks _____(5) children and other relatives are not important in many other ways，" Giles said.

　　Study after study has shown that elderly people who _____(6) connected with lots of people tend to live longer lives. _____(7)， few studies have examined whether different types of relationships - with friends， partners， children and _____(8) relatives - have different effects on longevity (长寿).

　　Giles's team set out to examine the relationship between various types of social networks and _____(9) in a group of almost 1，500 Australians who were at least 70 years _____(10). Volunteers answered _____(11) about their social networks and then were followed for 10 years.

　　The researchers took into account several factors that could have influenced how long a person lived，_____(12) sex， age， health and smoking status.

　　What the study showed was _____(13) older people who reported better social networks of friends were _____(14) likely to be alive at the end of the study than people with fewer friends.

　　But relationships with children and other relatives did not have _____(15) effect on survival in the study.

　　1 A die B live C work D stay

　　2 A stronger B larger C poorer D newer

　　3 A which B whom C who D those

　　4 A to B at C on D by

　　5 A by B on C in D of

　　6 A are B is C was D were

　　7 A However B Once C Further D Moreover

　　8 A older B richer C other D some

　　9 A longevity B loneliness C activity D happiness

　　10 A big B long C ago D old

　　11 A questions B doubts C studies D tests

　　12 A including B taking C accepting D offering

　　13 A if B when C that D this

　　14 A more B less C very D most

　　15 A each B every C all D an

　　答案：

　　1. A 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. D

　　6. A 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. D

　　11. A 12. A 13. C 14. A 15. D