2020年军队职称英语《综合类A》阅读判断模拟试题一

　　阅读下面的短文。每篇短文后面都有七句话，请根据短文的内容判断这些话是正确、错误，还是在短文中没有提到。(总分7分，确保得到4-5分，掌握方法和技巧)

　　Smoking

　　Since 1939, numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a ealth hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy1.

　　Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important

　　actor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.

　　Apart from statistics, it might be helpful to look at what tobacco does to the

　　human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles of ash and

　　other solids. There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and black tar. As smoke is breathed in, all those components from deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point.

　　Filters and low tar tobacco2 are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards.

　　词汇：

　　vaporize ['veɪpəraɪz] v. (使)蒸发 nicotine ['nɪkəti:n] n. 尼古丁

　　membrane ['membrein] n.膜 bronchus ['brɔŋkəs] n. 支气管

　　注释：

　　life expectancy: 预期寿命

　　low tar tobacco: 焦油含量低的烟草

　　1. It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous.(一段)

　　A. Right

　　B .Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　2. Smoking reduces one’s life expectancy.(一段)

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　3. Smoking may induce lung cancer.(二段)

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　4. There is evidence that smoking is responsible for breast cancer.(无)

　　A. Right

　　B .Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　5. Male smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokers(二段)

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　6. Nicotine is poisonous.(三段)

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　7. Filters and low tar tobacco make smoking safer.(四段)

　　A. Right

　　B .Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

答案与题解：

　　1. B 该题说的是，判断抽烟对健康是否有危害是容易的，但是，文章的第一句话是这么说的：自1939年以来进行了许多次研究，其目的都是为了判断抽烟对健康是否是一种危害，可以看出判断抽烟对健康是否是一种危害并不容易。

　　2. A 该题说的是：抽烟会缩短人们的预期寿命。该题源于第一段最后一个句子中的子句：tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy(抽烟与人的预期寿命缩短有关)。

　　3.A 该题说的是：抽烟有可能诱发肺癌。文章的第二段和第三段都讲到了抽烟与肺癌的关系。

　　4.C 该题说的是：有证据说明入选爱是抽烟诱发的。文章并未提及。

　　5.B 该题说的是：男性烟民死于心脏病的比率小雨女性烟民死于心脏病的比率，文章没有直接比较男性烟民和女性烟民死于心脏病的比率，但有这么一句话：Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smke so deeply. 据认为女性烟民并不把烟吸得很深，因此烟对她们的影响小于男性烟民。从中可以推断出的是：男性烟民死于心脏病的比率高于女性烟民死于心脏病的比率。因此该题的命题是错误的。

　　6. A 该题说的是：尼古丁是有毒的。答案可在第三段找到。

　　7. B 该题说的是：有了过滤嘴和焦油含量低的烟草，抽烟时安全的。文章的最后一段(也是最后一句)是这么说的：据称，过滤嘴和焦油含量低的烟草在某种程度上使抽烟变得较为安全，但是它们只是略微减少危害而不是消除危害。因此该题的命题是错误的。

　　Plants and Mankind

　　Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. We don't know what our Stone Age1 ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of preindustrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient2. This is logical. Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes3, medicines, shelter, and many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon4 recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of "knowledge" at all.

　　Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge5, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid6. When our Neolithic7 ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away8 .

　　词汇:

　　botany ['bɔtəni] n.植物学

　　yield [ji:ld] n. 产量，收益

　　detailed ['di:teild] adj.详细的，详尽的

　　marvel ['mɑ:vəl] n. 令人惊奇的事(人)，奇迹

　　property ['prɔpəti] n. (1)特征(2)财产，资产

　　logical ['lɔdӡikəl] adj. 逻辑的，合乎逻辑的

　　variety [və'raiəti] n.(1)品种，变种 (2)变化，多样化

　　pyramid ['pirəmid] n.金字塔 职称英语考试

　　welfare ['welfεə] n. 福利，幸福，康乐

　　accumulate [ə'kju:mjuleit] vt.积累，积聚

　　intimacy ['intiməsi] n. 亲近，亲密

　　注释：

　　1. Stone Age: 石器时代

　　2. …a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient:…… 对植物及其特点的详细了解一定非常久远。

　　3. dye : 染料

　　4. the Amazon :亚马孙河

　　5. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge … 而每个人都会在无意识中获得大量的植物知识，……come on : (偶然)遇见;(偶然)发现。又如：I came on this idea by pure chance. 我有这个想法纯偶然。

　　6. orchid: 兰花

　　7. Neolithic: 新石器时代

　　8. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away:从那时起，人类就越来越多地从可控制的几种植物的种植中获取生计，而不是从野生的众多种类中东采一点，西摘一点。在数万年的经验中积累起来的知识以及与大自然中各种植物的紧密联系也就开始消失。 take their living from…:靠……过活。

　　1. It is logical that a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient.(一段)

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　2. People can not survive without plants. (一段)

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　3. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon teach botany to their children at school. (一段)

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　4. Our direct contact with plants grows with the process of industrialization. (二段)

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　5. Today people usually acquire a large amount of botanical knowledge from textbooks.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　6. People living in the Middle East first learned to grow plants for food about 10,000 years ago. (二段)

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　7. Once mankind began farming, they no longer had to get food from many varieties that grew wild. (二段)

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　答案及题解：

　　1.A 文章第一段第三句话中的指示词“This”回指上一句话中的陈述，即“关于植物及其特点的详细知识一定由来已久”。

　　2. A 第二段降到植物对于人类而言是极为重要的，为人类提供了食物、衣服、工具、药物等生活必需品。

　　3. B 第一段结尾部分提到现今仍生活在亚马孙丛林中的部落能识别成百上千种植物及其特性，但在他们的词汇中还没有“植物学”这个词，甚至有可能不承认“植物学”是专门的知识。因此在学校中不可能设该课。

　　4. B 第二段第一句话说工业化的程度越高，我们与职务的直接接触就越少。

　　5. B 第二段中说人们无意识地获得了大量植物学知识，由此可以退出这些知识不是从教科书中获得的。

　　6. A 第二段提到当生活在大约一万年前中东地区的人们发现从某些禾本植物中可以收获粮食，并且播种后下一个收获季节还能产出更多的粮食时，农业就出现了。

　　7. B 第二段末尾讲从大约一万年前开始从事农耕时起，人们逐渐地停止采食也过，这是因为萌芽时期的农耕技术还十分落后，人们还不能从中获得足够的粮食。