2020年军队职称英语考试《卫生类》补全短文复习题第二套

　　When do people decide whether or not they want to become friends?During their first four minutes together,according to a book by Dr.Leonard Zunin.In his book,"Contact: The first four minutes",he offers this advice to anyone __(1)___: "Every time you meet someone in a social situation,give him your undivided attention for four minutes.A lot of people's whole lives would change if they did just that"

　　You may have noticed that the average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he has just met.He keeps looking over the other person's shoulder,as if __(2)__.If anyone has ever done this to you,you probably did not like him very much.

　　When we are introduced to new people,the author suggests,we should try to appear friendly and self-confident.In general,he says,"People like people who like themselves".

　　On the other hand,we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves.It is important to appear interested and sympathetic,realizing that the other person has his own needs,fears,and hopes.

　　Hearing such advice,one might say,"But I'm not a friendly,self-confident person.That's not my nature.It would be dishonest for me to act that way".

　　In reply,Dr.Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us __(3)__.We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality."It is like getting used to a new car.It may be unfamiliar at first,but it goes much better than the old one."

　　But isn't it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence when we don't actually feel that way?Perhaps,but according to Dr.Zunin,'total honesty" is not always good for social relationships,especially during the first few minutes of contact.There is a time for everything,and a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger.That is not the time to complain about one's health or to mention faults one finds in other people.It is not the time to tell the whole truth about one's opinions and impressions.

　　Much of __(4)__ also applies to relationships with family members and friends.For a husband and wife or a parent and child,problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart.Dr.Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care.If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed,they should be dealt with later.

　　The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course in every school,along with reading,writing,and mathematics.In his opinion,success in life depends mainly on __(5)_.That is at least as important as how much we know.

　　EXERCISE:

　　A)Feel comfortable about changing our social habits

　　B)What has been said about strangers

　　C)How we get along with other people

　　D)Interested in starting new friendships

　　E)Hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room

　　F)Who are eager to make friends wit

　　Medical Service on Plane

　　As a physician who travels quite a lot,I spend a lot of time on planes listening for that dreaded "Is there a doctor on board?" announcement.I've been called only once – for a woman who had merely (1).But the (2)made me quite curious (3)how often this kind of thing happens I wondered what I would do if confronted with a real midair medical emergency —— without access (4)a hospital staff and the usual emergency equipment.So when the New England Journal of Medicine last week published a study about in–flight (5)events,I read it (6)interest.

　　The study estimated that there is an average of 30 in-flight medical emergencies on U.S.flights every day.Most of them are not serious; fainting and dizziness are the most frequent complaints.(7) 13% of them – roughly four a day – are serious enough to (8) a pilot to change course.The most common of the serious emergencies (3) heart trouble,strokes,and difficulty breathing.

　　Let's face it: plane rides are (10).For starters,cabin pressures at high altitudes are set at roughly what they would be if you lived at 5，000 to 8，000 feet (11) sea level.Most people can tolerate these pressures pretty easily,but passengers with heart disease 12) experience chest pains as result of the reduced amount of oxygen flowing through their blood.(13) common in-flight problem is deep venous thrombosis – the so-called economy class syndrome (综合症).(14)happens,don’t panic.Things are getting better on the in-flight-emergency front.Thanks to more recent legislation,flights with at least one attendant are starting to (15)emergency medical kits to treat heart attacks.

　　1.A.fainted B.cried C.landed D.escaped

　　正确答案:A

　　解析:由于前面提到了飞机上需要医生，因此我被叫去的时候应该是一位女士昏倒的时候.A 晕倒; B大叫; C降落; D逃跑.

　　2.A.accident B.situation C.incident D.chance

　　正确答案:C

　　解析:但这件事让我注意到这样的事居然是经常出现的.A事故，意外;B形势; C事件;D机会.

　　3.A.for B.as C.on D.about

　　正确答案:D

　　解析:be curious about 是固定搭配，是对……感到好奇的意思..

　　4.A.by B.to C.through D.over

　　正确答案:B

　　解析:the access to是固定搭配题，表示"有机会到达或得到……的帮助".

　　5.A.historical B.classical C.medical D.modern

　　正确答案:C

　　解析:前面讲的是飞机上的医疗问题，所以应该是medical.A历史的;B古典的;C医疗的;D现代的.

　　6.A.in B.by C.with D.of

　　正确答案:C

　　解析:interest可以和with或in搭配;with interest表示方式，in interest表示状态;

　　7.A.Then B.For C.But D.So

　　正确答案:C

　　解析:根据上句可得一些飞机上发现的病例都不是很严重，下一句说的是严重的病例可以使飞行员改变航向，上下句构成转折关系.

　　8.A.require B.make C.command D.stimulate

　　正确答案:A

　　解析:require sb.to do sth.是固定搭配，表示"需要.要求某人做某事".A 要求;B使某人做某事，后面加动词原形;C命令;D激励.

　　9.A.imply B.include C.indicate D.contain

　　正确答案:B

　　解析:这类最常见的严重急救情况包括心脏病.中风和呼吸困难.A暗示;B包括;C说明;D容纳.

　　10.A.stressful B.exciting C.enjoyable D.upset

　　正确答案:A

　　解析:让我们面对现实:乘飞机是有压力的.后面的举例正好说明了这一点.注意下一句中pressure(压力)的使用.A有压力的;B激动人心的;C令人愉快的;D令人沮丧的.

　　11.A.under B.above C.along D.by

　　正确答案:B

　　解析:从文章的意思可得知飞机应该是飞在高于海平面5000至8000英尺的位置.

　　12.A.must B.need C.have to D.may

　　正确答案:D

　　解析:由于血液里氧气减少，心脏病人可能会表现为胸痛.根据上下文语义可得出答案.

　　13.A.Other B.Another C.Some D.Any

　　正确答案:B

　　解析:另一个飞行中常见的问题是静脉血栓——即所谓的经济舱综合症.这里another与上面的cabin pressures对应，后接单数名词.

　　14.A.Wherever B.Whenever C.whichever D.Whatever

　　正确答案:D

　　解析:不管发生什么，不要惊慌;从句中缺主语.

　　15.A.reject B.clean C.install D.elevate

　　正确答案:C

　　解析:多亏了新近的立法，至少配有一个护理人员的航班已经开始装备医疗急救箱以应付心脏病突发病例.A抛弃;B清理;C装配;D提升.

　　Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is Found

　　The World Health Organization1 estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis.Most times,the infection remains inactive.But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB,usually in their 1 .Two million people die 2 it.The disease has 3 with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis.

　　Current treatments take at least six months.Patients have to 4 a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily.But many people stop 5 they feel better.Doing that can 6 to an infection that resists treatment.Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective.Now a study estimates just how 7 it might be.A professor of international health at Harvard University2 led the study.Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients 8.It would also mean 9 infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others.

　　The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan.They 10 the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia.The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases.And it might 11 about twenty-five percent of TB deaths.The model shows that these 12 would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty.That is,if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve.

　　The World Health Organization 13 the DOTS3 program in nineteen ninety.DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment,Short-course.Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make 14 they continue treatment.

　　Earlier this year,an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program.The ten-year plan also aims to finance research 15 new TB drugs.The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old.The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development4 says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.

　　练习：

　　1.A.kidneys B.lungs C.bones D.livers

　　2.A.with B.without C.of D.out of

　　3.A.increased B.decreased C.changed D.disappeared

　　4.A.make B.take C.try D.test

　　5.A.as if B.as though C.as far as D.as soon as

　　6.A.refer B.apply C.lead D.amount

　　7.A.effective B.ineffective C.expensive D.inexpensive

　　8.A.cured B.to cure C.being cured D.having been cured

　　9.A.many B.more C.few D.fewer

　　10.A.provided B.introduced C.tested D.tempted

　　11.A.bring about B.contributed to C.promote D.prevent

　　12.A.increases B.reductions C.creations D.collections

　　13.A.developed B.invented C.delayed D.refused

　　14.A.easy B.uneasy C.sure D.unsure

　　15.A.with B.to C.onto D.into

　　h everyone

　　KEY:DEABC

　　答案与题解：

　　1.B结核病多发于肺部，这是一般的常识。

　　2.C die of意思是“死于某种疾病”，其他三个介词都不与die搭配。

　　3.A本句后半部说到艾滋病的传播和抗药型结核病的出现，那么根据推理，结核病自然应该增加，而不可能“减少”或“消失”。至于“变化”，不应该是结核病本身发生变化，而应该是发病率发生变化。

　　4.B从本句的前后句可以推测到本句想说的是“病人每天必须服用几种抗生素药物”，而服药只能选择take，其他几个动词都不合适。

　　5.D答题时请注意句首的But这个词，显然与上句意思发生转折，而四个选项中as if、as though都是“仿佛，宛如”的意思，as far as则是“至于……，就……而言”的意思，填在这里均不合适，只有as soon as (“一……就……”)才恰当。

　　6.C本空白处后面有介词to，虽然这几个选项均可与to连用，但意思各不相同：refer to：“谈及”，“参考”;apply to：“接洽”，“适用于”;lead to：“导致”;amount to：“合计，总共达……”，只有选择lead才能使本句意思完整、准确。

　　7.A只要用心注意上面那句话就可以很容易地找到答案，显然本句想说“现在有一项新的研究想评估这种速效治疗剂究竟效力有多大”。

　　8.A本句考查的是语法。根据所给的动词，我们可以猜到本句想说的是“Joshua Salomon 说，疗程较短的治疗计划可能意味着不仅仅是更多病人被治好”。这里从语法分析，应该是缺一个定语修饰patients.cure是一个及物动词，病人应是被治疗者。B项to cure不能表示被动;C和D虽然有表示被动的意思，但是C是“正在被治疗”，D是“已经被治疗”，二者隐含的时态在这里均不合适，只有A才是恰当的。

　　9.D前句说到更多病人可以被治愈，根据推理，后句应该是“将感染传递给别人的传染病人就会更少”，因为前后两句实际上具有因果关系。这里必须用比较级fewer，因为few是表示“不多的，几乎没有的”(=not many)，而fewer则只是与以前比较“更少”，并没有明确多少。

　　10.C只有填C项tested (“检验”)才能符合上下文意思，其他三项不仅词义不合适，词的用法也不对。

　　11.D空白处的上一句实际上起到提示作用两个月的治疗方案可以防止大约20%的新病例“，后句自然应是”也可能防止大约20%的结核病死亡“。其他三个选项词义均相反。

　　12.B上面两句说到“可以防止大约20%的新病例和可能防止大约20%的死亡”，这自然是“降低”，绝不可能是“增加”，更不是“创作品”、“收藏品”。

　　13.A空白处的上一句实际上也起到提示作用，可以推测，本句应该是“制订DOTS计划”，而四个选项中只有A项有“制订”的意思，计划也不可能是“发明”，从上下文分析，更不可能是“推迟”或“拒绝”。

　　14.C DOTS计划土中就包含“直接观察”的意思，本句中也说到“卫生工作者监督结核病人每天服药”，目的自然是要“确信他们继续治疗”，C项make sure正是“确信”的意思。

　　15.D research 后面常用on 或into，偶尔也用for 或after，例如：a research for/after facts (对事实的调查)，但不与其他三个选项连用。