2020年军队职称英语理工考试：重点语法 动词不定式作定语

动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后.与所修饰名词有如下关系:

　　①动宾关系:

　　I have a meeting to attend

　　注意:不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,应有必要的介词,如:

　　He found a good house to live in.

　　The child has nothing to worry about.

　　如果不定式修饰time, place, way,可以省略介词:

　　He has no place to live.

　　This is the best way to work out this problem.

　　如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者,不定式可用主动式也可用被动式:

　　Have you got anything to send?

　　Have you got anything to be sent?

　　②说明所修饰名词的内容:

　　We have made a plan to finish the work.

　　③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语:

　　He is the first to get here.

　　1. "Do you like the material?" "Yes, it _____ very soft."

　　A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt

　　【解析】此题正确答案为C,因为 feel 在此为连系动词,而连系动词均为不及物动词,不能用于被动语态,尽管有时其汉语意思有被动意味.

　　2. He was angry _____ your work. He said that he _____ at all.

　　A. at, didn't satisfy B. to, didn't satisfy

　　C. at, wasn't satisfied D. to, wasn't satisfied

　　【解析】最佳答案为C. be angry at (about) sth 意为"对某事生气",许多同学常按汉语意思将其中的介词 at (about)

　　换成 to,这是错误的.另外,许多同学将汉语的"不满意"直译为 not satisfy,这是是不对的,因为,satisfy在现代英语中只用作及物动词,其意不是"满意"而是"使(人)满意",所以其后不能没有宾语,除非本身是被动语态(或是系表结构).

　　3. If you want to sell your product you must _____ it.

　　A. advertise B. advertise for C. advertise on D. advertise to

　　【解析】事实上,正确答案为A. advertise 可用作及物和不及物动词:用作及物动词时,其意为"为……做广告"、

　　"登广告宣传";用作不及物动词时,其意为"做广告"、"登广告",此时通常后接介词 for,表示"做广告征求".比较:

　　advertise for sth (sb) 登广告征求或寻找某物或某人 (此时 advertise 不及物)advertise sth 为……登广告,登广告宣传……(此时 advertise 是及物动词,其后要直接跟被宣传的东西作宾语)

　　People advertise things that they wish to sell. 人们为要卖的东西登广告.

　　The manager wants to advertise for a new secretary. 经理想登广告招聘一位新秘书.

　　再比较以下用例:

　　advertise jobs 登广告招人

　　advertise for jobs 登广告求职

　　4. "I love traveling. I hope to go with you this time." "But does your mother _____ you to go?"

　　A. let B. agree C. allow D. promise

　　【解析】最佳答案为C. 不能选A是因为 let 后用作宾语补足语的不定式不能带 to;不能选B是因为动词 agree

　　习惯上不用于 agree sb to do sth 这一句式;不能选D是因为在 promise sb to do sth 这一句式中,to do sth 的逻辑主语是 promise 的主语而不其是宾语,比如 He promised me to go 的意思是"他答应我,他去",而不是"他答应我让我去".之所以

　　能选C,是因为 allow sb to do sth(允许某人做某事)与上文语境刚好吻合.

　　5. "Do your parents agree to your doing that?" "Yes, of course. In fact, they always ______ me to try something new."

　　A. hope B. suggest C. support D. encourage

　　【解析】此题的正解答案是D. 因为在以上四个选项中,只有encourage 可后接不定式的复合结构作宾语,即可

　　用于 encourage sb to do sth,而其余三者均不可后接不定式的复合结构作宾语,即英语中习惯上不说