2020年军队职称英语考试辅导资料：理工类语法精讲倒装语序

　倒装：

　　英语的一般语序为：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语(或表语) + (状语等附加成分)。有时为了语法上或修辞上的需要而改变这种语序，如将谓语动词放到主语的前面，就称为倒装。因语法需要的倒装称为"语法倒装"，例如英语中的疑问句多采用倒装形式，如Are you a doctor or an engineer? 因修辞需要，如为了强调、句子结构均衡或承上启下等目的倒装，称为"修辞性倒装"，例如On the top of the hill stands a pretty little house. (山顶上有一座漂亮的小屋。)。

　　就应试而言，以下倒装现象应给予特别注意(按考试中出现的频率高低顺序排列)：

　　1) not, not until, never, no, no sooner, seldom, hardly, scarcely, little, few 等 否定词开头的句子，比较：

　　例1

　　正常语序：I shall never forget the first days at college.

　　倒装语序：Never shall I forget the first days at college.

　　(我永远不会忘记初上大学的那些日子)

　　例2

　　正常语序：I did not have any idea what market economy is until recently.

　　倒装语序：Not until recently did I have any idea what market economy is.

　　(直到最近我才知道什么叫市场经济。)

　　以上两个句子采用倒装语序的主要目的是为了强调。

　　在这一节中，要特别注意以下三个倒装句型：

　　not until… ，见以上例2

　　no sooner …than…， 例如：

　　No sooner had she finished reading the poem than the students began to ask her questions.

　　(她刚念完这首诗，学生们就开始向她提问题了。)

　　hardly …when …，与 no sooner … than…句型的意思和用法相同，就是不要把搭配搞错了，既：

　　Hardly had she finished reading the poem when the students began to ask her questions.

　　2)介词 + no否定词开头的句子, 比较：

　　正常语序：I shall not do anything against the interests of the country under any circumstances.(不管在什么情况下，我决不做有损国家利益的事情。)

　　倒装语序：Under no circumstances shall I do anything against the interests of the country.

　　3) only, so/such (…that…)，often 等词开头的句子，比较： 4)

　　正常语序：We can learn a foreign language well only in this way.

　　倒装语序：Only in this way can we learn a foreign language well.

　　(只有这样我们才能学好一门外语。)

　　正常语序：The stain was so small that I could hardly see it.

　　倒装语序：So small was the stain that I could hardly see it.

　　(污迹很小，几乎看不出来。)