Cloning(克隆)：Future Perfect?
1 A clone is an exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell.Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997 research into cloning has grown rapidly．In May 1998，scientists in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves(牛犊)using cloning technology A mouse has also been cloned successfully But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement：“We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years，”he told the world．
2 Seed’s announcement provoked a lot of media attention，most of it negative．In Europe nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the US the President announced：“We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many states inthe US will have passed anti―cloning laws by the end of the year”
3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning They are worried that laws banning human cloning will threaten important research In March，The New England Journal of“Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken Many researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it，human cloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science.
4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world?The public has been bombarded(轰炸)with newspaper articles，television shows and films，as well as cartoons．Such information is often misleading，and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists will be doing next．
5 Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning humans．It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our child to look like But how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds，the anti―cloners ask Pretty cool，answer the pro-cloners(赞成克隆的人)．
1.Paragraph 1 ___.
2.Paragraph 2 ___.
3.Paragraph 3 ___.
4.Paragraph 4 ___.
A.strong reactions
B.anxiety about the future of cloning
C.the right to choose
D.what is cloning?
E.Arguments in favor of cloning
F.a common sight
5.Richard seed claimed to be able to clone ___.
6.Richard seed’s announcement received ___.
7.The United States will introduce ___.
8.Within ten years scientists will probably have ___.
A.the nucleus of a cell
B.cloned human beings
C.a human being in two years
D.a law to ban human cloning
E.a report on human cloning
F.heavy media coverage
答案与解析:
1.第一步:分析文章标题Cloning(克隆):Future perfect?会带来完美的未来吗？
文章标题的核心词是Cloning(克隆),而且标题是一个问句的形式,因此判断文章是对克隆问题进行的讨论。Cloning是这篇文章中的主题词。
解题第2步：结合文章主题（文章标题所揭示的内容）分析概括大意被选项之间的关系。
A.strong reactions
B.anxiety about the future of cloning
C.the right to choose
D.what is cloning?
E.Arguments in favor of cloning
F.a common sight
选项B，D和E都涉及到了文章的主题词“Cloning”，因此它们中间出答案的可能性较大。既然是关于cloning的讨论，文章中可能首先会解释什么是cloning，从这个写作逻辑上看，D成为答案的可能性较大，而且文章中很可能会谈到一些人或者大部分人对cloning的反应或态度，从这个角度上来看A，B，和E中出答案的可能性较大。
第3步：直接解题，在解题中注意各种解题技巧的巧妙运用。
A.strong reactions
B.anxiety about the future of cloning
C.the right to choose
D.what is cloning?
E.Arguments in favor of cloning
F.a common sight
1.Paragraph 1 ___.
1 A clone is an exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell.Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997 research into cloning has grown rapidly．In May 1998，scientists in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves(牛犊)using cloning technology.A mouse has also been cloned successfully.But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement：“We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years，”he told the world．
1．D.分析：段落的第一句说“克隆是利用任何一个细胞产生的一株植物或一个动物的的精确复制品”。（exact--precise精确的）这是一个定义性的句子，根据这个句子推测这段文字可能将对克隆进行解释，定义。再参考段落中出现的细节句（提示：段落中的细节句往往直接涉及到这个段落的主题）：In May“1998，scientists in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves(牛犊)using cloning technology”。该句说“在1998年的5月，麻省的科学家设法利用克隆技术创造了两只一模一样的牛犊”，对比该段第一句中的定义句，不难发现这个例子该定义句内容呼应：该举例句是在对定义进行具体的举例说明，因此可以肯定的判断该段是在对克隆进行解释/定义，因此判断D是答案。
解题思路：利用段首句（提示：段首句常常就是段落的主题句），结合段落中典型细节句的内容判断段落主题。
A.strong reactions
B.anxiety about the future of cloning
C.the right to choose
E.Arguments in favor of cloning
F.a common sight
2.Paragraph 2 ___.
2 Seed’s announcement provoked a lot of media attention，most of it negative．In Europe nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the US the President announced：“We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many states inthe US will have passed anti―cloning laws by the end of the year”
2．A。分析：刚才我们在解题的过程中借助了段首句的句意，现在我们还是继续看段首句的内容，段首句说“Seed的宣布引起了媒体大量的关注，而其中大部分的（反应）是负面的”。（provoke?cause?arouse引起）该句在内容上涉及到了“反应情况”。紧接着，我们在第2句中看到了signed an agreement banning human cloning（签署禁止克隆人类的协议）和introducing a law to ban all human cloning（引入法令来禁止所有对人类的克隆）这样的短语结构，这些结构在内容上揭示了对克隆技术所作出的反应，因此判断A是答案。
解题思路特点（避重就轻）：利用段首句，参考段落中局部结构的内容判断段落主题。
B.anxiety about the future of cloning
C.the right to choose
E.Arguments in favor of cloning
F.a common sight
3.Paragraph 3 ___.
3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning They are worried that laws banning human cloning will threaten important research In March，The New England Journal of“Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken Many researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it，human cloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science.
3．E。分析：首先参看段首句的内容：段首句说“许多研究者对克隆并不是如此的反对”，紧接着说“他们（这些研究者）担心…”,然后我们在段落的最后一句中看到“许多研究者也相信…”,很显然“许多研究者”这个词或与这个词相关的内容是这段文字的主题内容，但是被选项中没有出现“研究者”，因为涉及到段落主题词“研究者”的句子中有两个句子（第1句和第3句）都是在述说这些研究者对“克隆技术”的态度?不是那么消极，因此判断E（支持克隆技术的观点）。
解题思路：利用段落中的主题词确定段落主题句，确认答案范围。
B.anxiety about the future of cloning
C.the right to choose
F.a common sight
4.Paragraph 4 ___.
4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world?The public has been bombarded(轰炸)with newspaper articles，television shows and films，as well as cartoons．Such information is often misleading，and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists will be doing next．
4．B．分析：该段中没有出现明显的主题词，注意段首句是问题句，问题句中提出的问题往往直接主题涉及的内容。该句说“有没有理由担心克隆将导致一个噩梦世界的到来？”，这句话无疑直接反应了对克隆技术将对未来产生的影响的担心。因此判断B是答案。
提示：当段落开头句（尤其是段首句）是疑问句，或出现由but/however/nevertheless等词所引导的结构的时候,则该句往往就是该段段落的主题句.
A.the nucleus of a cell
B.cloned human beings
C.a human being in two years
D.a law to ban human cloning
E.a report on human cloning
F.heavy media coverage
5.C。分析:解题思路1:因为clone是及物动词，所以空格处需要名词性的结构，借助克隆这个词义来看，空格处最可能出现的答案是C（两年以后（克隆）人）。思路2：利用空格前句子结构中出现的特征词Richard Seed作为答案线索，这样找到答案相关句：But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement：“We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years，”he told the world．该句说“Richard Seed宣布两年以后他们将能克隆人”，因此判断C是答案。
A.the nucleus of a cell
B.cloned human beings
D.a law to ban human cloning
E.a report on human cloning
F.heavy media coverage
6.Richard seed’s announcement received ___.
6．F．分析：借助空格前后的搭配语意来看F（媒体大量的报道）合适。整个句子说“Richard seed的宣布得到了媒体大量的报道。”。也可以借助文章中的相关内容，利用空格前面特征词Richard seed作为答案线索，这样找到答案相关句：But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement：“We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years，”he told the world．该划线句只是提到Seed作了宣布以后，一场关于克隆人的争论真正开始了。借助该划线句的内容不能判断答案，继续看后面的句子：Seed’s announcement provoked a lot of media attention，most of it negative．该句说“Seed的宣布引发了很多媒体的关注，而大多数的报道都是对克隆持消极的态度。”，根据这个句子判断答案是F。
A.the nucleus of a cell
B.cloned human beings
D.a law to ban human cloning
E.a report on human cloning
7.The United States will introduce ___.
7．D。分析：借助空格前句的内容“美国将引入…”，判断D（禁止克隆人类的法令）是答案。也可以参考文章中的相关内容，利用空格前句中的特征词The United States作为答案线索，这样找到答案相关句：In Europe nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the US the President announced：“We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many states in the US will have passed anti―cloning laws by the end of the year”划线结构说“在美国总统宣布：我们将引入一条禁止克隆人类的法令”，因此判断D是答案。
A.the nucleus of a cell
B.cloned human beings
E.a report on human cloning
8.Within ten years scientists will probably have ___.
8．B。分析：利用空格前面出现的状语结构Within ten years作为答案线索，这样找到答案相关句：Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning humans．该句说“在未来的5到10年里，科学家将可能已经找出了克隆人类的方法”，因此判断B（已经克隆了出了人）正确。
文章中的难句和长句分析：
1．In March，The New England Journal of“Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken
2．Many researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it，human cloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science.
3．It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our childto look like pretty=very
1 A clone is an exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell.Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997 research into cloning has grown rapidly．In May 1998，scientists in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves(牛犊)using cloning technology A mouse has also been cloned successfully But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement：“We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years，”he told the world．
2 Seed’s announcement provoked a lot of media attention，most of it negative．In Europe nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the US the President announced：“We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many states inthe US will have passed anti―cloning laws by the end of the year”
3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning They are worried that laws banning human cloning will threaten important research In March，The New England Journal of“Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken Many researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it，human cloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science.
4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world?The public has been bombarded(轰炸)with newspaper articles，television shows and films，as well as cartoons．Such information is often misleading，and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists will be doing next．
5 Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning humans．It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our child to look like But how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds，the anti―cloners ask Pretty cool，answer the pro-cloners(赞成克隆的人)．
1.Paragraph 1 ___.
2.Paragraph 2 ___.
3.Paragraph 3 ___.
4.Paragraph 4 ___.
A.strong reactions
B.anxiety about the future of cloning
C.the right to choose
D.what is cloning?
E.Arguments in favor of cloning
F.a common sight
5.Richard seed claimed to be able to clone ___.
6.Richard seed’s announcement received ___.
7.The United States will introduce ___.
8.Within ten years scientists will probably have ___.
A.the nucleus of a cell
B.cloned human beings
C.a human being in two years
D.a law to ban human cloning
E.a report on human cloning
F.heavy media coverage
答案与解析:
1.第一步:分析文章标题Cloning(克隆):Future perfect?会带来完美的未来吗？
文章标题的核心词是Cloning(克隆),而且标题是一个问句的形式,因此判断文章是对克隆问题进行的讨论。Cloning是这篇文章中的主题词。
解题第2步：结合文章主题（文章标题所揭示的内容）分析概括大意被选项之间的关系。
A.strong reactions
B.anxiety about the future of cloning
C.the right to choose
D.what is cloning?
E.Arguments in favor of cloning
F.a common sight
选项B，D和E都涉及到了文章的主题词“Cloning”，因此它们中间出答案的可能性较大。既然是关于cloning的讨论，文章中可能首先会解释什么是cloning，从这个写作逻辑上看，D成为答案的可能性较大，而且文章中很可能会谈到一些人或者大部分人对cloning的反应或态度，从这个角度上来看A，B，和E中出答案的可能性较大。
第3步：直接解题，在解题中注意各种解题技巧的巧妙运用。
A.strong reactions
B.anxiety about the future of cloning
C.the right to choose
D.what is cloning?
E.Arguments in favor of cloning
F.a common sight
1.Paragraph 1 ___.
1 A clone is an exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell.Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997 research into cloning has grown rapidly．In May 1998，scientists in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves(牛犊)using cloning technology.A mouse has also been cloned successfully.But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement：“We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years，”he told the world．
1．D.分析：段落的第一句说“克隆是利用任何一个细胞产生的一株植物或一个动物的的精确复制品”。（exact--precise精确的）这是一个定义性的句子，根据这个句子推测这段文字可能将对克隆进行解释，定义。再参考段落中出现的细节句（提示：段落中的细节句往往直接涉及到这个段落的主题）：In May“1998，scientists in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves(牛犊)using cloning technology”。该句说“在1998年的5月，麻省的科学家设法利用克隆技术创造了两只一模一样的牛犊”，对比该段第一句中的定义句，不难发现这个例子该定义句内容呼应：该举例句是在对定义进行具体的举例说明，因此可以肯定的判断该段是在对克隆进行解释/定义，因此判断D是答案。
解题思路：利用段首句（提示：段首句常常就是段落的主题句），结合段落中典型细节句的内容判断段落主题。
A.strong reactions
B.anxiety about the future of cloning
C.the right to choose
E.Arguments in favor of cloning
F.a common sight
2.Paragraph 2 ___.
2 Seed’s announcement provoked a lot of media attention，most of it negative．In Europe nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the US the President announced：“We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many states inthe US will have passed anti―cloning laws by the end of the year”
2．A。分析：刚才我们在解题的过程中借助了段首句的句意，现在我们还是继续看段首句的内容，段首句说“Seed的宣布引起了媒体大量的关注，而其中大部分的（反应）是负面的”。（provoke?cause?arouse引起）该句在内容上涉及到了“反应情况”。紧接着，我们在第2句中看到了signed an agreement banning human cloning（签署禁止克隆人类的协议）和introducing a law to ban all human cloning（引入法令来禁止所有对人类的克隆）这样的短语结构，这些结构在内容上揭示了对克隆技术所作出的反应，因此判断A是答案。
解题思路特点（避重就轻）：利用段首句，参考段落中局部结构的内容判断段落主题。
B.anxiety about the future of cloning
C.the right to choose
E.Arguments in favor of cloning
F.a common sight
3.Paragraph 3 ___.
3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning They are worried that laws banning human cloning will threaten important research In March，The New England Journal of“Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken Many researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it，human cloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science.
3．E。分析：首先参看段首句的内容：段首句说“许多研究者对克隆并不是如此的反对”，紧接着说“他们（这些研究者）担心…”,然后我们在段落的最后一句中看到“许多研究者也相信…”,很显然“许多研究者”这个词或与这个词相关的内容是这段文字的主题内容，但是被选项中没有出现“研究者”，因为涉及到段落主题词“研究者”的句子中有两个句子（第1句和第3句）都是在述说这些研究者对“克隆技术”的态度?不是那么消极，因此判断E（支持克隆技术的观点）。
解题思路：利用段落中的主题词确定段落主题句，确认答案范围。
B.anxiety about the future of cloning
C.the right to choose
F.a common sight
4.Paragraph 4 ___.
4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world?The public has been bombarded(轰炸)with newspaper articles，television shows and films，as well as cartoons．Such information is often misleading，and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists will be doing next．
4．B．分析：该段中没有出现明显的主题词，注意段首句是问题句，问题句中提出的问题往往直接主题涉及的内容。该句说“有没有理由担心克隆将导致一个噩梦世界的到来？”，这句话无疑直接反应了对克隆技术将对未来产生的影响的担心。因此判断B是答案。
提示：当段落开头句（尤其是段首句）是疑问句，或出现由but/however/nevertheless等词所引导的结构的时候,则该句往往就是该段段落的主题句.
A.the nucleus of a cell
B.cloned human beings
C.a human being in two years
D.a law to ban human cloning
E.a report on human cloning
F.heavy media coverage
5.C。分析:解题思路1:因为clone是及物动词，所以空格处需要名词性的结构，借助克隆这个词义来看，空格处最可能出现的答案是C（两年以后（克隆）人）。思路2：利用空格前句子结构中出现的特征词Richard Seed作为答案线索，这样找到答案相关句：But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement：“We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years，”he told the world．该句说“Richard Seed宣布两年以后他们将能克隆人”，因此判断C是答案。
A.the nucleus of a cell
B.cloned human beings
D.a law to ban human cloning
E.a report on human cloning
F.heavy media coverage
6.Richard seed’s announcement received ___.
6．F．分析：借助空格前后的搭配语意来看F（媒体大量的报道）合适。整个句子说“Richard seed的宣布得到了媒体大量的报道。”。也可以借助文章中的相关内容，利用空格前面特征词Richard seed作为答案线索，这样找到答案相关句：But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement：“We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years，”he told the world．该划线句只是提到Seed作了宣布以后，一场关于克隆人的争论真正开始了。借助该划线句的内容不能判断答案，继续看后面的句子：Seed’s announcement provoked a lot of media attention，most of it negative．该句说“Seed的宣布引发了很多媒体的关注，而大多数的报道都是对克隆持消极的态度。”，根据这个句子判断答案是F。
A.the nucleus of a cell
B.cloned human beings
D.a law to ban human cloning
E.a report on human cloning
7.The United States will introduce ___.
7．D。分析：借助空格前句的内容“美国将引入…”，判断D（禁止克隆人类的法令）是答案。也可以参考文章中的相关内容，利用空格前句中的特征词The United States作为答案线索，这样找到答案相关句：In Europe nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the US the President announced：“We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many states in the US will have passed anti―cloning laws by the end of the year”划线结构说“在美国总统宣布：我们将引入一条禁止克隆人类的法令”，因此判断D是答案。
A.the nucleus of a cell
B.cloned human beings
E.a report on human cloning
8.Within ten years scientists will probably have ___.
8．B。分析：利用空格前面出现的状语结构Within ten years作为答案线索，这样找到答案相关句：Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning humans．该句说“在未来的5到10年里，科学家将可能已经找出了克隆人类的方法”，因此判断B（已经克隆了出了人）正确。
文章中的难句和长句分析：
1．In March，The New England Journal of“Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken
2．Many researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it，human cloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science.
3．It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our childto look like pretty=very
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