2020军队职称英语卫生类AB级模拟试题二(11)

第四部分：阅读理解（每题3分，共45分）
第1篇
1．D．细节题。利用被选项中的细节信息结构（A：working manner;B:eating habit;C:life style;D:genes）共同作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句：
You hear this：“No Wonder you are fat．An you ever do is eat（选项B中eating的家族词汇）．”You feel sad：“I skip my breakfast and supper．I run every morning and evening．What else can I do?”Basically you can do nothing．Your genes（基因），not your life habits（习惯），determine your weight（问题句中的核心结构）and your body constantly（不断地，经常地）tries to maintain（保持，维修，主张）it.
答案相关句说：你的基因而不是你的生活习惯决定了你的体重，因此你的身体总是试图保持它。因此D是答案。
2.D。细节题。利用问题句中的特征词(Jules Hirsch)，被选项中的共有结构（eight fat people）及被选相中的一些细节信息词及特征结构（A:supper;B:breakfast;C:every morning and evening;D:liquid formula,600 calories）共同作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句：
How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting?Well，dieting can be effective,but the health costs are tremendous．Jules Hirsch，a research（研究）physician（医生）at Rockefeller University,did a study（研究）of eight fat people．They were given（被给）a liquid formula（流食配方）providing 600 calories a day1.After more than（超过）10 weeks，the subjects(研究对象)lost 45kg on average（平均）．But after leaving the hospital，they all regained．The results were surprising：by metabolic measurement，fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving．They had psychiatric problems.They dreamed of food or breaking their diet2.They were anxious and depressed；some were suicidal．They hid food in their rooms．Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn't result in normal weight，but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people．
答案相关句说“八个肥胖者被给予一种流食配方，每天提供600热卡”，因此D是答案。
3．C．细节题。利用问题句中的细节信息结构（eight fat people，hospital）及被选项中的细节信息结构（C：normal weight;D:suicide）共同作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句：
（第3段）How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting?Well，dieting can be effective．but the health costs are tremendous．（第２题答案相关句）Jules Hirsch，a research physician at Rockefeller University,did a study of eight fat people．They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day1.After more than（超过）10 weeks，the subjects（研究对象，主题，学科，受...影响的）lost（失去，输（比赛））45kg（4.5公斤？？？）on average（平均）.（第4句）But after leaving the hospital，they all regained（恢复）．The results were surprising：by metabolic measurement，fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving．They had psychiatric problems.They dreamed of food or breaking their diet2.They were anxious and depressed；some were suicidal（是选项D中的细节信息词的家族词汇）．They hid food in their rooms．Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn't result in normal weight（选项C中的细节信息词），but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people．
（第4段）Thin people，however,suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weight．Ethan Sims，of the University of Vermont，got（说服）prisoners（犯人）to volunteer to（自愿...）gain weight(增肥，体重增加)．In four to six months，they ate as much as they could．They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent.But（但是）months after the study ended（结束），they were back to（恢复到）normal（正常的）weight and stayed停留在那里there.
根据第3段中答案相关句的内容判断：这八个肥胖者出院后都恢复到了正常的体重。
4．B．细节题。利用问题句中的特征词（Ethan Sims）及被选项中的细节信息结构（A：genetic（遗传的）inheritance；B：Increase（增加）their weight；C：Stay（逗留，保持）at home；D：Lower（降低）their weight）共同作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句：
（第4段）Thin people，however,suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weight．Ethan Sims（问题句中的特征词），of the University of Vermont，got（说服，使,变成，获得）prisoners（犯人）to volunteer to（自愿）gain weight（与选项B中的细节信息结构呼应）．In four to six months，they ate as much as they could（尽可能地...）．They succeeded in（成功地）increasing their weight（与选项B中的细节信息结构呼应）by（了）20 to 25 percent.But months after the study ended，they were back to normal weight and stayed there.
（第5段）This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight．It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance（选项A中的细节信息结构）if they want to significantly lower their weight（与选项D中的细节信息结构呼应）．
第4段中的答案相关句说：让犯人自愿增加体重。可见B是正确的答案。
5．A．细节题。利用问题句中的细节信息词（Scientists）和备选项A和备选项B中的共有词（weight range）共同作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句：
（第4段）Thin people，however,suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weight．（第4题答案相关句）Ethan Sims，of the University of Vermont，got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight．In four to six months，they ate as much as they could．They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent.But months after the study ended，they were back to normal weight and stayed there.
This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight．It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight．
The findings（发现）also provide（提供）evidence（证据，迹象）for something scientists（科学家）thought was true（正确的，真实的，忠诚的）---each person has a comfortable（舒适的）weight range.The range might be as much as（大约）9kg．Someone might weigh 60-69 kg without too much effort.But going above of below the natural weight range is difficult．The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks．
答案相关句（最后一段的第一句话）说：结论还证实了科学家认为是正确的一点，即每个人的体重有大约9公斤的一个固定范围．因此A是答案。