2020军队职称英语理工类AB级模拟试题—阅读理解1

第四部分：阅读理解(每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第1篇
Hurricane(飓风)Katrina(克特里娜)
A hurricane is fiercely powerful,rotating form of tropical storm that can be 124 to 1,240 miles in diameter.The term hurricane is derived from Hurican,the name of a native American storm god.Hurricanes are typical of a calm central region of low pressure between 12 to 60 miles in diameter,known as the eye.They occur in tropical regions.Over its lifetime,one of these storms can release as much energy as 10,000 nuclear bombs.
The seed for hurricane formation is a cluster of thunderstorms over warm tropical waters.Hurricanes can only form and be fed when the sea-surface temperature exceeds 27 C and the surrounding atmosphere is calm.These requirements are met between June and November in the northern hemisphere.
Under these conditions,large quantities of water evaporate and condense into clouds and rain–releasing heat in the process.It is this heat energy,combined with the rotation of the Earth,that drives a hurricane.
When the warm column of air from the sea surface first begins to rise,it causes an area of low pressure.This in turn creates wind as air is drawn into the area.This spinning wind drags up more moisture-laden air from the sea surface in a process that swells the storm.Cold air falls back to the ocean surface through the eye and on the outside of the storm.
Initially,when wind speeds reach 23 miles per hour,those mild,wet and grey weather systems are known as depressions.Hurricane Katrina formed in this way over the south-eastern Bahamas on 23 August 2005.Katrina has had a devastating impact on the Gulf Coast of the US,leaving a disaster zone of 90,000 square miles in its wake–almost the size of the UK.Thousands have been killed or injured and more half a million people have been misplaced in a humanitarian crisis of a scale not seen in the US since the great depression.The cost of the damage may top$100 billion.
1.what is the eye of a hurricane?
A.a native American storm god
B a rotating form of tropical storm that can be 124 to 1240 miles in diameter.
C a calm central region of low pressure between 12 to 60 miles in diameter
D a storm that can release as much energy as 10,000 nuclear bombs
2.Which of the following is NOT the“requirements”mentioned in the second paragraph?
A the tropical waters are warm and calm
B the sea-surface temperature exceeds 27 C
C there are thunderstorms over warm tropical waters
D the atmosphere surrounding the sea is calm
3.which of the following is the best explanation of the word“drive”in the third paragraph?
A to guide,control,or direct
B to force to go through or push in/hammer in
C to supply the motive force or power and cause to function
D to force to move in a particular direction
4.what does the warm air mentioned in the fourth paragraph produce when it is rising from the sea surface?
A high pressure
B low pressure
C wind
D cold air
5.What is NOT true of Hurricane Katrina according to the last paragraph?
A the area affected is almost the size of the UK
B it left a disaster zone of 90,000 square miles
C half a million people are forced to leave the area
标准答案：C,A,C,B,D
解析：
Hurricane（飓风）Katrina（克特里娜）
1.C.解析：问题问“什么是飓风的眼睛?”，问题句中出现了细节词（eye）,利用该词作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句：
（第一段）A hurricane is fiercely powerful,rotating form of tropical storm that can be 124 to 1,240 miles in diameter.The term hurricane is derived from Hurican,the name of a native American storm god.Hurricanes are typical of（……是……具有……的特征）a calm central region of low pressure between 12 to 60 miles in diameter,known as（被称为）the eye.They occur in tropical regions.Over its lifetime,one of these storms can release as much energy as 10,000 nuclear bombs.
划线句（答案相关句）说“飓风的特征是一个平静的低压中心区，直径在12英里到60英里之间，（这个低压区域）被称为飓风的眼睛”，该句内容与C一致，因此C是答案。
2.A.解析：问题问“下列哪个选项不是在第2段中提到的'要求'?”被选项的特点是都涉及到细节信息结构，所以分别利用被选项中的这些细节信息结构作为答案线索（A:tropical waters;B:sea-surface temperature,27C;C:thunderstorms;D:atmosphere），在文章中查找与它们分别形成呼应的语句，对被选项进行一一判断：
The seed（种子，原因）for hurricane formation（形成，构成）is a cluster of（一群）thunderstorms over warm tropical waters（与C一致）.Hurricanes can only form and be fed（喂养）when the sea-surface temperature exceeds 27 C（与B一致）and the surrounding atmosphere is calm（于D一致）.These requirements are met（被满足）between June and November in the northern（北方的，北部的）hemisphere（半球）.
线索词出现的答案相关句分别于选项C，B和D呼应，而这些细节内容都与该段最后一句中的these requirements呼应：它们属于“要求”，因此只有A没有提到。
3.C.解析：问题问“下列哪个选项最恰当地解释了第3段中drive的含义?”首先找到第3段中的这个词：
Under these conditions,large quantities of water evaporate and condense into clouds and rain–releasing heat in the process.It is this heat（热，温度，加热）energy,combined with（与……组合）the rotation（旋转）of the Earth,that drives（驱使）a hurricane.
答案相关句（drive在文章中所在的句子）说“正是这种热量，与地球的旋转共同作用，驱动飓风”，显然被选项C与drive在句子中的基本含义最接近：提供动力，使（飓风）活动（驱动飓风）
4.B.解析：问题问“第4段中提到的暖流当它从海面升起时产生了什么?”利用问题句中的细节信息（warm air）作为答案线索，在第4段中查找答案相关句：
When the warm column（圆柱状，圆柱）of air from the sea surface first begins to（开始）rise,it causes（造成）an area of low pressure.This in turn creates wind as air is drawn into the area.This spinning wind drags up more moisture-laden air from the sea surface in a process that swells the storm.Cold air falls back to the ocean surface through the eye and on the outside of the storm.
第4段第1句就是答案相关句，该局说“当来自海面的温暖的圆柱状气流开始上升时，它造成了低压区域”，因此B是答案。
5.D.解析：问题问“根据最后一段，下列哪个说法与飓风卡特里娜的实际情况不一致?”，被选项D（人道主义危机所带来的危害性与经济大萧条的危害性一样严重）与文章主题（飓风）偏差较大，因此D可能是答案。
Initially,when wind speeds reach 23 miles per hour,those mild,wet and grey weather systems are known as depressions.Hurricane Katrina formed in this way over the south-eastern Bahamas on 23 August 2005.Katrina has had a devastating（破坏性的）impact on（对……产生影响）the Gulf Coast（海湾沿岸）of the US,leaving（留下）a disaster zone of 90,000 square miles in its wake（在……之后）–almost the size of the UK.（该句说“飓风卡特里娜对海湾沿岸造成了破坏性的影响，飓风结束后留下了面积为9万平方英里的灾难区，这几乎与英国的面积一样大”，该句内容与与A和B一致）Thousands have been killed or injured and more half a million people have been misplaced（被迫离开）in a humanitarian crisis of a scale（规模，比例，刻度，等级）not seen（被看见得）in the US since the great depression.（该句提到“50万人被迫离开”，这与C一致）The cost of the damage（损失）may top（超过，最高的，头等的，顶部）$100 billion.
根据上面的分析，只有D的内容与文章中相关内容不一致。