2021军队职称英语考试指导:第四讲语法
动词:
从一定意义上讲,英语语法就是动词的语法,因此,掌握动词的特性、变化、句型是学习英语语法的重中之重。为了能更好地理解下面的讲课内容,首先要搞清动词的几个基本概念。
1)be动词和do动词:be动词也称状态动词,用于说明状态或性质,主要用于构成英语的主系表句型;do动词也称为行为动词,分及物动词和不及物动词;
2)及物动词和不及物动词:不及物动词后面不跟宾语,也没有被动语态;及物动词后面一定要有宾语;
3)双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)结构和复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)结构:比较下面两个句子:
My mother made me a cake.(母亲给我做了块蛋糕。)
My father made me a doctor.(父亲把我培养成一名医生。)
第一句是双宾语结构,即My mother made a cake for me.
第二句是复合宾语结构,其句法功能为:My father made me(to)be a doctor(I am a doctor).说明复合宾语结构中,宾语和宾语补足语之间有"主谓关系".
4)情态动词:must,should,ought to,can,may,need,used to等动词称为情态动词,有三大特征:A.不受主语人称和数的影响,如:He may go now./May I go now?句中may的形式不变;B.否定时在后面加not,如:You ought not to have cheated her.C.与另一动词连用,中间不用+"to",如上举例。
请根据上述原则,(从语法角度)说出以下那种表达方式是对的:
A.She needs to see a doctor.
B.She doesn't need to see a doctor.
C.Does she need to see a doctor?
D.She needs not see a doctor.
E.She needn't see a doctor.
F.She doesn't need see a doctor.
G.She needs see a doctor.
从语法角度看,A、B、C、E是对的。
5)助动词:帮助实意动词构成某种结构的词,如:He did come yesterday;I saw him in the office.(他昨天确实来了;我在办公室见到他的。——表示强调)
从一定意义上讲,英语语法就是动词的语法,因此,掌握动词的特性、变化、句型是学习英语语法的重中之重。为了能更好地理解下面的讲课内容,首先要搞清动词的几个基本概念。
1)be动词和do动词:be动词也称状态动词,用于说明状态或性质,主要用于构成英语的主系表句型;do动词也称为行为动词,分及物动词和不及物动词;
2)及物动词和不及物动词:不及物动词后面不跟宾语,也没有被动语态;及物动词后面一定要有宾语;
3)双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)结构和复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)结构:比较下面两个句子:
My mother made me a cake.(母亲给我做了块蛋糕。)
My father made me a doctor.(父亲把我培养成一名医生。)
第一句是双宾语结构,即My mother made a cake for me.
第二句是复合宾语结构,其句法功能为:My father made me(to)be a doctor(I am a doctor).说明复合宾语结构中,宾语和宾语补足语之间有"主谓关系".
4)情态动词:must,should,ought to,can,may,need,used to等动词称为情态动词,有三大特征:A.不受主语人称和数的影响,如:He may go now./May I go now?句中may的形式不变;B.否定时在后面加not,如:You ought not to have cheated her.C.与另一动词连用,中间不用+"to",如上举例。
请根据上述原则,(从语法角度)说出以下那种表达方式是对的:
A.She needs to see a doctor.
B.She doesn't need to see a doctor.
C.Does she need to see a doctor?
D.She needs not see a doctor.
E.She needn't see a doctor.
F.She doesn't need see a doctor.
G.She needs see a doctor.
从语法角度看,A、B、C、E是对的。
5)助动词:帮助实意动词构成某种结构的词,如:He did come yesterday;I saw him in the office.(他昨天确实来了;我在办公室见到他的。——表示强调)
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