第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
Forms of Environmental Disease
____(46).How the diseases are expressed depends on how the particular environmental agent enters the body,how it is metabolized and by what route it is excreted.The skin,lungs,liver,kidneys and ____(47).Of particular concern of the capacity of many environmental agents to cause various cancers,birth defects or spontaneous affection(through fetal exposure)and mutations in germ cell,____(48).
Environmental illnesses can be mild or severe and ranged from transient to chronic,depending on the doses of toxin received.Some diseases occur abruptly at a toxic exposure,whereas the time of onset of other diseases varies after exposure.____(49).Those illnesses that occur directly after a distinct toxic exposure are usually easily identified as being environmentally or occupationally caused.If the exposure is not clear-cut or illness is delayed,however,the cause is difficult to identify as clinical features alone are usually nonspecific.____(50).In such instances,epidemiological studies of exposed populations can help relate exposures to the illnesses they cause.
A.Environmentally induced cancers,for example,commonly involve latency periods of 15 to 30 years or more.
B.In addition,many different causes,environmental or otherwise,may produce identical illnesses.
C.However,the reverse is true.
D.nervous systems are commonly affected by different agents in different settings.
E.the last-named raising possibilities of environmentally caused genetic diseases in later generations.
F.Environmental diseases can affect any organ system of the body.
第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题1分，共15分）
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定一个最佳选项。
Nurse!I Want My Mummy
When a child:is ill in hospital,a parent's first reaction is to be 5l them.
Most hospitals now,allow parents to sleep 52 with child,providing a bed or sofa on the ward.
But until the 1970s this 53 was not only frowned upon----it was actively discouraged.
Staff worried that the children were upset when their parents 54,and so there was a blanket ban.
A concerned nurse,Pamela Hawthorn,disagreed and her study"Nurse!want my mummy",published in 1974,55 the face of paediatric nursing.
Professor Martin Johnson,professor of nursing at the University of Salford,said that the work of 56 like Pamela had changed the face of patient care."Pamela's study was done against the 57 of a lively debate in paediatrics and psychology as to the degree women should spend with children in the outside world and the degree to which they should be allowed to visit children in 58.
"The idea was that if mum came to 59 a small in hospital the child would be upset and inconsolable for hours.
"Yet the nurse noticed that if mum did not come at 60 the child stayed in a relatively stable state but they might be depressed.
"Of course we know now that they had most given 61 hope that mum was ever coming back.
"To avoid a little bit of pain they said that no one should visit
"But children were alone and 62,so Hawthorn said parents should be allowed to visit."
Dr Peter Carter,chief executive and general secretary of the Royal College of Nursing,said her 63 had been seminal.
"Her research put an end to the 64 when parents handed their children over to strangers at the door of the hospital ward.
"As a result of her work,parents and carets are now recognized as partners in care and are 65 the opportunity to stay with,their children while they are in hospital,which has dramatically improved both parents'and children's experience of care."
51.A.for B.with C.upon D.against
52.A.occasionally B.soundly C.overnight D.overtime
53.A.practice B.exercise C.thought D.request
54.A.stayed B.cried C.appeared D.left
55.A.lost B.changed C.studied D.made
56.A.professors B.doctors C.nurses D.parents
57.A.background B.history C.fact D.reality
58.A.school B.hospital C.family D.world
59.A.take B.control C.persuade D.visit
60.A.once B.will C.all D.large
61.A.up B.off C.down D.away
62.A.relaxed B.pleased C.depressed D.stable
63.A.work B.dream C.issue D.doubt
64.A.hours B.days C.weeks D.months
65.A.refused B.created C.lent D.afforded
CCAAA DBAAD CACAD
ABACBCA
BDCEABCD
BADCA DDBAC CACBB
FDEAB
BCADB CABDC ACABD
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
Forms of Environmental Disease
____(46).How the diseases are expressed depends on how the particular environmental agent enters the body,how it is metabolized and by what route it is excreted.The skin,lungs,liver,kidneys and ____(47).Of particular concern of the capacity of many environmental agents to cause various cancers,birth defects or spontaneous affection(through fetal exposure)and mutations in germ cell,____(48).
Environmental illnesses can be mild or severe and ranged from transient to chronic,depending on the doses of toxin received.Some diseases occur abruptly at a toxic exposure,whereas the time of onset of other diseases varies after exposure.____(49).Those illnesses that occur directly after a distinct toxic exposure are usually easily identified as being environmentally or occupationally caused.If the exposure is not clear-cut or illness is delayed,however,the cause is difficult to identify as clinical features alone are usually nonspecific.____(50).In such instances,epidemiological studies of exposed populations can help relate exposures to the illnesses they cause.
A.Environmentally induced cancers,for example,commonly involve latency periods of 15 to 30 years or more.
B.In addition,many different causes,environmental or otherwise,may produce identical illnesses.
C.However,the reverse is true.
D.nervous systems are commonly affected by different agents in different settings.
E.the last-named raising possibilities of environmentally caused genetic diseases in later generations.
F.Environmental diseases can affect any organ system of the body.
第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题1分，共15分）
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定一个最佳选项。
Nurse!I Want My Mummy
When a child:is ill in hospital,a parent's first reaction is to be 5l them.
Most hospitals now,allow parents to sleep 52 with child,providing a bed or sofa on the ward.
But until the 1970s this 53 was not only frowned upon----it was actively discouraged.
Staff worried that the children were upset when their parents 54,and so there was a blanket ban.
A concerned nurse,Pamela Hawthorn,disagreed and her study"Nurse!want my mummy",published in 1974,55 the face of paediatric nursing.
Professor Martin Johnson,professor of nursing at the University of Salford,said that the work of 56 like Pamela had changed the face of patient care."Pamela's study was done against the 57 of a lively debate in paediatrics and psychology as to the degree women should spend with children in the outside world and the degree to which they should be allowed to visit children in 58.
"The idea was that if mum came to 59 a small in hospital the child would be upset and inconsolable for hours.
"Yet the nurse noticed that if mum did not come at 60 the child stayed in a relatively stable state but they might be depressed.
"Of course we know now that they had most given 61 hope that mum was ever coming back.
"To avoid a little bit of pain they said that no one should visit
"But children were alone and 62,so Hawthorn said parents should be allowed to visit."
Dr Peter Carter,chief executive and general secretary of the Royal College of Nursing,said her 63 had been seminal.
"Her research put an end to the 64 when parents handed their children over to strangers at the door of the hospital ward.
"As a result of her work,parents and carets are now recognized as partners in care and are 65 the opportunity to stay with,their children while they are in hospital,which has dramatically improved both parents'and children's experience of care."
51.A.for B.with C.upon D.against
52.A.occasionally B.soundly C.overnight D.overtime
53.A.practice B.exercise C.thought D.request
54.A.stayed B.cried C.appeared D.left
55.A.lost B.changed C.studied D.made
56.A.professors B.doctors C.nurses D.parents
57.A.background B.history C.fact D.reality
58.A.school B.hospital C.family D.world
59.A.take B.control C.persuade D.visit
60.A.once B.will C.all D.large
61.A.up B.off C.down D.away
62.A.relaxed B.pleased C.depressed D.stable
63.A.work B.dream C.issue D.doubt
64.A.hours B.days C.weeks D.months
65.A.refused B.created C.lent D.afforded
CCAAA DBAAD CACAD
ABACBCA
BDCEABCD
BADCA DDBAC CACBB
FDEAB
BCADB CABDC ACABD
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