2018年职称英语考试阅读理解精选文章3

 　　小心鲨鱼!

　　克雷格 罗杰斯正坐在他的冲浪板上估算着下一波浪离他还有多远，就在这时冲浪板不动了。他低头向水下看，惊悚的一幕出现了：一条大白鲨正在撕咬冲浪板的前端。“

　　我的肘部可能都已经碰到了它的眼睛”，克雷格谈道。原来，这条鲨鱼悄悄地浮上了水面，完全没让克雷格听到。

　　克雷格惊慌害怕，手足无措，但是偶然之间他被鲨鱼咬掉了两支手指，然后随着滑板翻了个个儿，他也掉进水里。就在那时，处于水中的克雷格两支手指鲜血直流，但这条五米长的鲨鱼却径直游开，消失在深海之中。

　　虽然鲨鱼常被认为是疯狂杀人的猎手，但事实上这是不准确的。鲨鱼很少猎杀人类。比起被鲨鱼杀死，人类更有可能被闪电击中或是淹死在浴缸中。在上个世纪，有报道的只有74人命丧鲨鱼之口。然而大白鲨可以长到6米长、2200公斤重或是更重。3000颗牙齿排成数排长在鲨鱼那可怕的血盆大口中，它们可以轻易杀死并吃掉无助的落水者。但为什么大多数人受到大白鲨攻击之后都能鲨口逃生呢?鲨鱼研究者们正在努力寻找使得人类鲨口脱险的原因。

　　最常用的解释是说大白鲨的视力不好。人们认为大白鲨会把人类错当成是海豹或者海狮，后两者是鲨鱼的主要食物来源。但是人类又找到了理由来质疑这一论断。最近的研究信息表明大白鲨视力不错。并且当大白鲨在攻击海豹时，它们会迅速窜上海面，用力撕咬。但当大白鲨在攻击人类时，它们在大多数情况下会慢慢浮上海面，撕咬的力度也轻得多。它们很快就会发现人类的肉不够肥。“它们把我们吐出来是因为我们太瘦了”，艾丹马丁说道，他是鲨鱼研究暗礁搜索中心的领头人。

　　诸如马丁这样的鲨鱼研究者们提出了这样的一种假设：大白鲨实际上是一种好奇心很重的动物，它们喜欢探索新鲜事物。有可能它们撕咬物体不仅仅是为了猎杀和吃掉，也是为了搜集信息。虽然这种经历对于像克雷格罗杰斯这些人来说很不幸，但是当鲨鱼在撕咬冲浪板，或是别的物体，甚至是人类时，很可能它们只是在尽量了解那到主氏是个什么东西。

　　Shark attack!

　　Craig rogers was sitting on his surfboard,scanning the distance for his next wave,when his board suddenly stopped moving. he looked down and was terrified to see a great white shark biting the front of his board.”I could have touched its eye with my elbow,”says craig. The shark had surfaced so quietly that he hadn’t heard a thing.

　　In his horror and confusion,he waved his arms and accidentally cut tow of his fingers on the shark’s teeth.He then slid off the opposite side of his surfboard into the water. Then,with Craig in the water and blood flowing from his fingers, the five-meter-long shark simply swam away,disappearing into the water below.

　　Although sharks are often categorized as killers that hunt and eat as many humans as then can,this is factually inaccurate.Sharks very rarely kill humans,Aperson has a greater chance of being struck by lightning or drowning in a bath than of being killed by a shark.Only 74 people have been reported killed by great whites in the last century.But great white sharks can reach six meters in length and weigh 2200 kilograms or more.With frightening jaws that can hold up to 3000 teeth arranged in several rows,they could very easily kill and eat a helpless human in the water.Why is it,then,that most people survive attacks by great whites?Shark researchers are trying to comprehend the reasons that allow people to escape without being eaten.

　　The most common explanation is that great whites don’t see well.It has been thought that they mistake people for the seals or sea lions which make up a large part of their diet.There is reason to doubt this,however.Recent information shows that great whites can actually see very well.Also,when accacking seals,great whites shoop up to the surface and bite with great force.When approaching humans,however,they most often move in slowly and bite less hard.They soon discover that humans are not a high-fat meal.”They spit us out because we’re too bony,”says Aidan Martin,director of Reef Quest Center for Shark Research.

　　Shark researchers like Martin hypothesize that great whites are actually curious animals that like to investigate things.It’s possible that they use their bite not only to kill and eat,but also to gather information,Although such an experience is unlucky for people like Craig Rogers,when sharks bite surfboards or other objects or people,they are likely just trying to learn what they are.