大学英语：发生在过去的动作一直持续到现在，或对现在仍有影响。

　　现在完成时的标志： so far， by now/ up to now，for three years， since 1995， in the past two decades

　　1.2 过去完成时

　　过去的过去。

　　1)said， reported， thought 等引导的间接引语中。

　　He missed the train.

　　He said he had missed the train.

　　2)hardly…when， no sooner… than句型中表示先发生的动作

　　No sooner had he got up than he received the call.

　　3)与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中

　　If I had tried harder， I would have won.

　　I wish I had done better in the exam.

　　1.3 完成进行时

　　从过去一直持续到现在，没有间断。汉语提示语：一直

　　The water has been running the whole night.

　　1.4 过去时

　　过去某一具体时间发生的事，不考虑与现在的关系。

　　过去时的标志：yesterday， in 1995， last week，in the nineteenth century，five years ago 等等。