name
［误］ She was named of a flower.
［正］ She was named after a flower.
［析］ 以……命名应为name after，又如给某人取名应为The father named his son Tom.
near
［误］ We came near to hit him.
［正］ We came near to hitting him.
［析］ 这句话应译为"我们几乎要打他一顿。"near to这一用法中to为介词，其后要接宾语，所以要接名词或动名词。near作介词时其后可加to也可不加to，如： I sit near the door, I sit near to the fire.
by near
We lived near the city. 与We lived by the city. 两句话都是对的，但其表达的意义有所不同，by在表达距离时比near更近，所以by the city是紧靠近某城市。
need
［误］ This room needs to clean.
［正］ This room needs to be cleaned.
［正］ This room needs cleaning.
［析］ 在表达某事需要做什么时，need后面如用不定式要用其被动态，如接动名词则要用主动态。
［误］ We need not to do it.
［正］ We needn't do it.
［析］ need用在否定句、疑问句中一般用作情态动词，所以无人称变化也不加to，而在肯定句中则多用作实意动词，如： We need your help.
neither
［误］ None of my parents is a teacher.
［正］ Neither of my parents is a teacher.
［析］ 对两者的否定不能用none只能用neither, none用于三人以上的情况。
［误］ I don't do my homework. Neither he does.
［正］ I don't do my homework. Neither does he.
［析］ 这时应用倒装句。
［误］ Neither you nor I are right.
［正］ Neither you nor I am right.
［析］ neither…nor… 这一句型在应用时其谓语动词应以邻近的主语一致。
［误］ Neither he studies nor plays.
［正］ Neither does he study nor play.
［析］ neither, hardly, seldom等否定词位于句首时，谓语动词采用倒装形式。
never
［误］ Never I have broken my word.
［正］ Never have I broken my word.
［析］ never用于句首时起强调作用，要用倒装语序。但用于句中一般放于情态动词、助动词、或be动词后面，如： I shall never forgot the expression on her face. Lost time is never found again. 用于成语中，如： Better late than never. (晚做比不做强。)never mind没关系，如： "What did you say?""Oh, never mind."
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