经济学论文：论企业物流的有效性评价

 摘要：　物流研究属于多学科的交叉与综合分析，具有强烈的系统性特征、数量化特征及最优性特征。它们在物流合理化分析和系统相对有效性评价中更为突出。运筹学（OR）恰是以系统性、数量化及最优化为核心，因此，在物流合理化研究和系统相对有效性评价中占有重要地位。由于物流系统具有某些特有的属性，故运筹学在其中的运用，包括模型与方法，往往与经典的模式有所不同。本文引入运筹学的一个新领域--数据包络分析 （Data Envelopment Analysis ，简称DEA）模型，一种用于评价相同类型部门（或单位）中各成员间的相对有效性的模型，来评价企业物流系统的相对有效性。本文通过对现代企业物流系统的特征进行分析，从而确定企业物流系统有效性综合评价指标体系，建立评价企业物流有效性的数据包络分析模型，该模型测算了各系统的总体效率、技术效率、规模效率及其规模效益状况。进而对非DEA有效的物流系统提出使其达到DEA有效的可行措施，同时分析了企业效率与资源配置效率之间的关系，得出若干关于物流系统改进的建议，供决策部门参考。

关键词： 数据包络分析；物流；评价；规模效率；资源配置。

An Evaluation of System Efficiency of the Enterprises' Logistics System Based on DEA

Abstract: The research of the logistics is a crisscross and comprehensive analysis of multilateral subjects,which is of strong attribution of systemility、quantitality and optimality,especially in the rational analysis and evaluation of comparative efficiency of the logistics system.Operations Research(OR) is just a subject which focuses on the attribution of systemility、quantitality and optimality.Thus ,here,OR takes a very important position.It's mentionable that the application of  OR including its models and methods is often different with those classical models because of certain especial attribution of&n bsp;the logistics system,as should be noteworthy here.In this paper,a new field of OR -- Date Envelopment Analysis ( DEA ) is recommended.DEA is usually used to evaluate the comparative efficiency of units in some parallel departments or denominations.In this paper it analyzes the characteristics of the enterprises' logistics and identifies the factor scheme used for the evaluation of its efficiency. A model based on data envelopment analysis is used to evaluate the systems' efficiency. It calculates the total efficiency、technological efficiency、 scale efficiency of all DMUs and t hEir scale efficiency return situations.Some feasible ways for ineffective DMUs to make them effective is put forth. It also analyzes the relationship between system efficiency and resources utilization rate. Some useful advice on the development of the enterprises' logistics system is achieved，which is valuable to make decision for some sections. 

Key words:  data envelopment analysis; logistics; evaluation; scale efficiency; resources utilization rate.

目        录

 

摘要                                           

1 引言

2 企业物流系统评价指标的确立   

2.1现代物流活动的特点

2.2物流评价的二重性观点

2.3物流有效性评价指标体系的建立

3系统有效性评价的数学模型--DEA模型

4实例分析

   4.1  输入及输出指标的确定

4.2  DEA数据处理的结果分析

4.3  资源配置效率分析

5  结束语

参考文献