2019年公共管理硕士英语模拟试卷

　　PART Ⅰ Structure and Vocabulary (20%)

　　Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the One answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil.

　　1. Alone in a deserted house, he was so busy with his research work that he felt lonely.

　　A. nothing but B. anything but

　　C. all but D. everything but

　　2. Not only working hard, but also she was very polite.

　　A. she was B. has she been

　　C. was she D. had she been

　　3.It was not until he entered the classroom he realized that he had forgotten to do the homework.

　　A. before B. when

　　C. then D. that

　　4. Dress warmly, you’ll catch cold.

　　A. on the contrary B. or rather

　　C. or else D. in no way

　　5. is well known to us all, too much stress can cause disease.

　　A. Which B. What

　　C. As D. It

　　6. I need that book badly. If you go to the bookstore this afternoon, please remember a copy for me.

　　A. to have bought B. buying

　　C. to buy D. having bought

　　7. I like the city, but I like the country better I have more friends there.

　　A. in which B. in that

　　C. in what D. that

　　8. The students expected more reviewing classes before the final exams.

　　A. there to being B. there being

　　C. for there to be D. there to be

　　9. She thinks easy to understand a letter written in English.

　　A. that B. which

　　C. it D. what

　　10. People cannot but feel , for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.

　　A. puzzling B. puzzled

　　C. to be puzzled D. to puzzle

　　11. The basic causes are unknown, although certain conditions that may lead to cancer have been

　　A. identified B. guaranteed

　　C. notified D. conveyed

　　12. The two dogs started to fight, so we tried to them.

　　A. split B. separate

　　C. divide D. distinguish

　　13. The bossy manger is always finding fault with his .

　　A. employs B. employers

　　C. employees D. employments

　　14. The woman had to to the government for assistance in resisting forced marriage.

　　A. appeal B. appear

　　C. appease D. applaud

　　15. Employment for women are poor at the present time.

　　A. entrances B. occasions

　　C. ways D. opportunities

　　16. Eminent physicists from all over the world to the U.S. to the centennial(一百周年) of A. Einstein’s birth.

　　A. congratulate B. observe

　　C. celebrate D. participate

　　17. High interest rates people from borrowing money from the commercial banks.

　　A. discourage B. decrease

　　C. disgust D. disturb

　　18. an oil-pump failure, the moving parts will become over-heated.

　　A. in case of B. in the case of

　　C. in case D. on case of

　　19. If we don’t receive any reply by tomorrow morning, I shall have to him on the phone.

　　A. get to B. get on to

　　C. get on with D. get through

　　20. After the successful operation, the patient has taken a turn ..

　　A. for the moment B. for the present

　　C. for the better D. for the good

　　Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (40%)

　　Section A

　　Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil.

　　Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:

　　The ’standard of living’ of any country means the average person’s share of the goods and services which the country produces. A country’s standard of living, therefore, depends first and foremost on its capacity to produce wealth. ’Wealth’ in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money but on things that money can buy: ’goods’ such as food and clothing, and’services’ such as transport and entertainment.

　　A country’s capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of which have an effect on one another. Wealth depends to a great extent upon a country’s natural resources, such as coal, gold, and other minerals, water supply and so on. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a fertile soil and a favorable climate; other regions possess none of them. The U.S.A is one of the wealthiest regions of the world because she has vast nature resources within her borders, her soil is fertile, and her climate is varied. The Sahara Desert, on the other hand, is one of least wealthy.

　　Next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to use. Some countries are perhaps as well off as the U.S.A. in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and external wars, and for this and other reasons were unable to develop their resources. Sound and stable political condition, and freedom from foreign invasion, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well served by nature but less well ordered. Another important factor is the technical efficiency of a country’s people. Old countries that have, through many centuries, trained up numerous skilled craftsmen and technicians are better placed to produce wealth than countries whose workers are largely unskilled. Wealth also produces wealth. As a country becomes wealthier, its people have a large margin for saving, and can put their savings into factories and machines which will help workers to turn out more goods in their working day.

　　A country’s standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and consumed within its own borders, but also upon what is indirectly produced through international trade. For example, Britain’s wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if she had to depend only on those grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products that would otherwise be lacking. A country’s wealth is, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturing capacity, provided that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures.

　　To calculate the average standard of living of any country, one divides its ’national income’ by the number of people in it. Strictly, the term ’national income’ means the total of goods and services produced for consumption in that country in a year; but such a total cannot be divided unless it is expressed in money.

　　21.A country’s wealth depends upon .

　　A. its standard of living

　　B. its money

　　C. its ability to provide goods and services

　　D. its ability to provide transport and entertainment

　　22.The main idea of the second paragraph is that .

　　A. a country’s wealth depends on many factors

　　B. the U.S.A. is one of the wealthiest countries in the world

　　C. the Sahara Desert is a very poor region

　　D. natural resources’ are an important factor in the wealth or poverty of a country

　　23. The word ’civil’(line 14) refers to wars to wars that are .

　　A. long -lasting

　　B. fought between one part of a country and another

　　C. short but frequent

　　D. carried out according to the international laws governing warfare

　　24. The main idea of the fourth paragraph is that .

　　A. Britain is dependent upon trade

　　B. A country’s wealth lies in what it can manufacture

　　C. Britain manufactures more than it needs for home consumption

　　D. The wealth of a country can be increased by manufacturing goods trade with other countries

　　25. The word ’margin’ as used in line 22 means .

　　A. the space at the side of the page

　　B. the edge

　　C. the amount earned but not needed for living

　　D. any money deposited in a savings account

　　Some day there may be a robot that takes the drudgery out of housework and even cleans windows, but how soon such a robot will emerge is anybody’s guess. Mr.Joseph Engelberger, President of Unimation, Inc. which makes industrial robots, says a workable domestic robot might take shape by the late 1980s, but Mr. Ben Skora, an amateur robot builder now working on his second creation, predicts household robots in about fifty years, and the Director of Stanford University’s Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Dr. John McCarthy, says domestic robots are anywhere from five to five hundred years away.

　　Although robots are already widely used in industry -from welding car parts to handling explosives -the gap between the industrial robot and a domestic one is great, according to Dr.McCarthy. Closing the gap will require an intellectual break -through.

　　Take the task of clearing the table and washing the dishes,’ he suggested ’The robots will have to be able to discriminate between rubbish and dishes that should be washed and, meanwhile, not trip over the dog or baby on the floor on its way to the dishwasher.’

　　He said that the robot, which he defines as a general purpose physical action machine that is automatically controlled, probably will not end up looking like a human being .Instead the robot might have a central ’brain’ that controls a whole army of bodies, like a staff of servants, each as -signed to a specific duty.

　　Mr.Engelberger thinks the domestic robot is right around the corner, just waiting for an eco -nomic boost to help it over the remaining technological hurdles. He expects the household robot to be modeled after an industrial forebear.

　　But the person who wants a robot will have to build this world around it,’ Mr. Engelberger said.’ for example, a fellow building a house might spend twenty -five per cent more to have it "robotized". Such a "robotized" house probably would have to be free of stairs and other encumbrances that could trip a near -sighted robot, would provide special sockets for it to plug into, and would contain a "pantry" where the robot’s brain and tools would be stored.’

　　He added that the robot would probably have to see (by means of a sophisticated TV camera) and have a sense of touch to do housework. It could even be programmed for some superhuman tasks, such as acting as a smoke -detector that would alert a family to a fire and then fight it.

　　The robot created by Mr. Skora is a long way from fighting fires, but Arok (which is Mr.Skora’s name spelt backwards without the’s ) can vacuum the carpet, take out the rubbish and bring in the mail by following programs in his computer brain. For the more complicated tasks, such as taking the dog for a walk, Mr. Skora commands Arok through a radio -transmitter as he watches the robot from a window.’ No computer in the world could work out when a dog is ready to stop,’ He pointed out .

　　Mr. Skora says that Arok was conceived more as an experimental toy than a convenience. In fact, Arok doesn’t save any time around the house and demands supervision for the simplest chore.

　　26.The main idea of the first paragraph is that we .

　　A. will definitely have domestic robots one day

　　B. will not have domestic robots for a very long time

　　C. will have domestic robots in the fairly near future

　　D. have no way of knowing when we may have domestic robots

　　27.the writer uses the word ’creation’ (1.5) because .

　　A. Mr. Skora is an amateur robot builder

　　B. It was Mr. Skora’s second robot

　　C. Mr. Skora was making something that had never been made before

　　D. The robot was an experiment

　　28.Dr McCarthy believes that there is a big difference between an industrial robot and a domes -tic one because the domestic robot .

　　A. will be more intellectual

　　B. must be capable of performing more functions

　　C. must be automatically controlled

　　D. will not look like a human being

　　29.Mr. Engelberger thinks that the domestic robot will be .

　　A. similar to an industrial robot

　　B. very expensive to buy

　　C. entirely new

　　D. able to go anywhere

　　30.Mr. Skora describes Arok as an experimental toy because it .

　　A. is controlled by a radio transmitter

　　B. is a convenience

　　C. serves no useful purpose

　　D. can perform only simple chores

　　Blind people usually possess one advantage over other people who can see: their sense of hearing is far more acute. Sounds which most others would miss can carry a great deal of information to a sightless person. For instance, teams of blind children can enjoy fast -moving games of soccer with a bell inside the ball and a new hand -held ultrasonic device to guide them. And that sound -location system could help to build up an even more complete sound picture to guide them. And that sound -location system could help to build up an even more complete sound picture of a blind person’s surroundings.

　　Bats, whose sight is poor, use a sound -location system to help them avoid obstacles in the dark. They send out pulses of sound waves, pitched at 50,000 cycles per second, far above the limits of the human ear, which can hear sounds up to frequencies of about 20,000 cycles per second. As the echoes bounce back off obstacles such as trees and walls, the bats are able to take appropriate action. The sound is emitted by an ultrasonic torch, shaped like a double -barreled version of a normal electric torch. It works in a similar way to a sonar unit on a warship or submarine.

　　The unit’s transmitter sends out pulses of ultrasonic waves at the same frequency as the bat, and the receiver picks up the returning echoes. Because these are still above the frequency at which the human ear can pick them up, the echoes are filtered through circuits which turn them into clearly audible "bleeps" before passing them into headphones.

　　This means that a person holding the torch can point it ahead of him and "scan "the area for obstacles over a range of about 25 ft. If there are no return echoes coming through the headphones, then there is nothing in the way.

　　If echoes do come back, then the closer the obstruction the faster the succession of bleeps and the deeper the pitch of each bleep. With practice the torch could help a blind person to lead a more normal life -without needing a constant companion to guide him .Experienced operators of the torch system claim they can distinguish grass from bushes ,tress, posts and kerbstones.

　　But before blind people can be helped to feel really independent, the system needs to be more streamlined. At present ,the experimental ultrasonic torch requires a shoulder bag to carry the batteries, cables for the power supplies and earphones, in addition to the torch itself. But miniaturization of electronic equipment is making such rapid progress that it should not be long before the whole set -up can be reproduced in a form small enough to fit into a pair of spectacles. The transmitter and power supplies, with all the circuitry, would be packed into the bridge -piece above the nose. The sending and receiving sensors would be in the "lenses". And the filtered bleeps would be passed on to the wearer through the earpieces, as with present -day hearing -aid spectacles.

　　This would mean that scanning one’s surroundings would become instinctive. The wearer would face in the direction he wanted to check, and lift or lower his head just as a sighted person would.

　　31.Compared with those with normal vision, blind people possess .

　　A. greater sensitivity to sound

　　B. a more vivid imagination

　　C. a greater sense of smell

　　D. an ability to distinguish every tiny sound

　　32.The attempt to help blind people to see with sound .

　　A. was similar to the sound location system of the bats

　　B. led to a product that sent out sound waves of about 20,000 cycles per second

　　C. was experimented on a submarine

　　D. turned out be a failure

　　33.Experienced operators of the torch system claim that .

　　A. they are able to distinguish an object’s color

　　B. they can visualize an entire 25-foot area

　　C. they can function as effectively as if they had normal vision

　　D. they can distinguish grass from bushes ,trees ,posts and kerbstones

　　34.The author predicts that in the future ultrasonic devices could be .

　　A. worn as an earpiece

　　B. worn as eyeglasses

　　C. carried in one’s pocket

　　D. strong enough to detect frequencies above 50,000 cycles per second

　　35.The word "instinctive" in the last paragraph means that with the future ultrasonic device, .

　　A. the bind will appear like the sighted people when scanning his surroundings

　　B. the blind will scan his surroundings automatically

　　C. the blind will have to turn his face while walking

　　D. the blind will be able to lift or lower his head while walking

　　No man can change the weather. Nobody can control the weather. But if we read the signs correctly we can tell what the more important changes in the weather will be. This way of telling what the weather will be like on the following day or two is called weather forecasting. People who do this are not making the weather. They are merely using their knowledge of the weather today, to tell us what the weather may be like tomorrow.

　　People for many centuries and in all countries have studied the weather and tried to make weather forecasts.

　　Sometimes distant objects such as hills and tall trees seem to be very clear and near. This is a sign of much water-vapor in the air, and therefore rain will probably come. When distant sounds are very clearly heard, then wet and stormy weather is on the way. Rings round the sun are a sign of coming rain.

　　Many people feel in their bones the coming of wet weather. Their joints ache. Some birds fly high if fine weather is coming, but they fly very near the ground if rainy weather or a storm is on the way. This is probably because the insects, which they are hunting, then fly low.

　　If the stars twinkle clearly at night, then fair weather will continue. If a mist appears in the early morning, just about sunrise, then the day will be warm. If the sunset is mostly red in color, then the following day will be fine.

　　Most of the above sayings have been made up by people who have used their eyes and their brains to forecast the weather. Some of the popular beliefs about the weather, however, are quite untrue. For example, many people say they can forecast the weather by looking at the moon. The state of the moon has nothing to do with the weather. The weather may happen to change with changes in the moon, but that is only chance.

　　Many people think they can tell what the weather is going to be like. But they hardly ever agree with each other. One man may say, "Do you see how cloudy it is in the east? It’s going to have fine weather tomorrow." Another man will say, "Yes, it’s cloudy in the east. We ’re going to have fine weather tomorrow."

　　People often look for the weather they want. When a farmer needs water, he looks for something to tell him it’s going to rain; he won’t believe anything else. When friends have a picnic, they are so sure the weather is going to clear up quickly that they sit eating their lunch while it rains.

　　Almost everyone listens to what the weatherman says. But he doesn’t always tell us what we want, and once in a while he makes a mistake. Still, he probably comes closer to being correct than anyone else.

　　Some men spend their whole lives trying to forecast the weather. Such people collect exact information about the weather from all parts of the world. Each place sends its information at certain times each day to a central office where the weather information from all these places can be examined. The information received is put on to a map of the world, called a weather chart.

　　As scientists discover more and more about the weather in every part of the world, and satellites and computers are used to gather and analyze weather data, weather forecasting will become more and more certain. And we are quite certain sooner or later we will be able to change the weather !

　　36. People who tell us what weather will be like on the following day or two can .

　　A. make the weather we like

　　B. hardly control the weather

　　C. know when to plant

　　D. do something about the weather

　　37. When distant sounds are very clearly heard we will .

　　A. wave rainy days

　　B. see swallows flying high

　　C. perhaps see a rainbow

　　D. have fine days

　　38. What is not mentioned in the text ?

　　A. The weatherman can read weather signs.

　　B. People often look for the weather they want.

　　C. In many places people are collecting weather data.

　　D. Weathermen will make mistakes in their weather forecasting.

　　39. A weather chart is a map .

　　A. showing what kind of weather we are going to have

　　B. drawn by the weatherman

　　C. marked with weather data

　　D. sent to the radio and TV stations

　　40. To control the weather .

　　A. we need more computers and satellites

　　B. we still have a long, long way to go

　　C. we have to send a lot of people to collect information

　　D. we should be more certain about weather forecasting

　　Section B

　　Directions: Read the following passage and then give short answer to the five questions. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.

　　The search for freedom of worship has brought people to American from the days of the Pilgrims to modern times. In 1620, for example, the Mayflower carried a cargo of 102 passengers who "welcomed the opportunity to advance the gospel of Christ in these remote parts." A number of other groups such as the Jews and Quakers came to America after the Pilgrims, all seeking religious freedom. In more recent times, anti-semitic persecution in Hitler’s Germany has driven people from their homes to seek refuge in America. However, not all religious sects have received the tolerance and understanding for which they came. The Puritans of the Massachusetts Bay Colony showed as little tolerance for dissenting beliefs as the Anglicans of England had shown them. They quickly expelled other religious groups from their society. Minority religious sects, from the Quakers and Shakers through the Catholics and Jews to the Mormons, have at various times suffered both discrimination and hostility in the United States.

　　But the diversity of religious belief has made for religious toleration. In demanding freedom for itself, each sect had to permit freedom for others. The insistence of each successive wave of immigrants upon its right to practice its religion helped make freedom of worship a central part of the American Creed. People who gambled their lives on the right to believe in their own God would not easily surrender that right in a new society.

　　The second great force behind immigration has been political oppression. America has always been a refuge from tyranny. As a nation conceived in liberty, it has held out to the world the promise of respect for the rights of man. Every time a revolution has failed in Europe, every time a nation has succumbed to tyranny, men and women who love freedom have assembled their families and their belongings and set sail across the seas. This process has not come to an end in our own day. The terrors of Hitler’s Germany and Mussolini’s Italy, the terrible wars of Southeast Asiaall have brought new thousands seeking safety in the United States.

　　The economic factor has been more complex than the religious and political factors. From the very beginning, some have come to America in search of riches, some in flight from poverty, and some because they were bought and sold and had no choice.

　　41.What is the passage mainly about?

　　42.What was the first great force behind immigration?

　　43.What does "the world of the promise" in the third paragraph refer to?

　　44.What are the other two chief motives for the mass migration to America?

　　45. What does the author try to tell us through the whole text?

　　Part Ⅲ English-Chinese translation (15%)

　　The intelligent person, young or old, meeting a new situation or problem, opens himself up to it. He tries to take in with mind and senses everything he can about it. He thinks about it, instead of about himself or what it might cause to happen to him. He grapples with it boldly, imaginatively, resourcefully, and if not confidently, at least hopefully; if he fails to master it, he looks without fear or shame at his mistakes and learns what he can from them. This is intelligence. Clearly its roots lie in a certain feeling about life, and one’s self with respect to life. Just as clearly, unintelligence is not what most psychologists seem to suppose, the same thing as intelligence, only less of it. It is an entirely different style of behavior, arising out of entirely different set of attitudes.

　　Part Writing(15%)

　　Directions: In your opinion, what is the most dangerous threat the world faces today? Discuss some reasons for its existence. Give some possible ways of preventing its occurrence.

　　You should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.