医学英语阅读：水果、蔬菜和疾病

来源： 2018-02-28 20:11中

Why is it so difficult to fall asleep when you are overtired？ There is no one answer that applies to every individual. But many people fail to note the distinction between fatigue -- physical tiredness -- and sleepiness， the inability to stay awake. It's possible to feel "t

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ired" physically and still be unable to fall asleep， because while your body may be exhausted， you don't feel sleepy. To fall asleep， you need adequate time to unwind， even if you feel fatigued. It's not so easy to simply "turn off."

　　According to Carl E. Hunt， director of the National Center on Sleep Disorders Research in Bethesda， Maryland， most people do not allow themselves sufficient deceleration. 【外语教育&网www.for68.com】

　　Going down the pub could seriously affect men's health-but in a positive way， a study said. A Leeds University researcher said that the local watering hole's welcoming atmosphere helps men to get rid of the stresses of modern life and is vital for their psychological well-bein

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Doctors should keep quiet and let patients explain their problems instead of interrupting them， Swiss scientists said. Most patients can explain what is wrong with them in less than two minutes and many may even be swifter， according to Dr. Wolf Langewitz of Univer

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sity Hospital in Basle. But research from the United States has shown that doctors usually start talking after about 22 seconds. "Doctors do not risk being swamped by their patients' complaints if they listen until a patient indicates that his or her list of Your body works best when its temperature is about 37o Celsius. When your body gets hotter than that, your brain doesn't like it-it wants your body to stay cool. So the part of your brain that controls temperature, called the hypothalamus, sends a message to your body, telling it to sweat.

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　　人体体温在37摄氏度时，身体各功能活动最佳。当体温超过这个温度时，大脑就不乐意了，它要让体温降下来。所以大脑中控制体温的部分下丘脑就会发出一个信号给身体，告诉它要排汗。

　　Then special glands in your skin called sweat glands start making sweat. Sweat is also known as perspiration, and it is made almost completely of water, with tiny amounts of other chemicals like ammonia, urea, salts, and sugar.

　　人体皮肤中有种特别的腺体叫汗腺，负责分泌汗液。汗液几乎全是由水组成，也含有微量的化学元素，包括氨、尿素、盐和糖。

　　The sweat leaves your skin through tiny holes called pores. When the sweat hits the air, the air makes it evaporate. As the sweat evaporates off your skin, you cool down.

　　汗液通过皮肤上的小孔即毛孔排放出来。当汗液和空气接触之后，就会蒸发。汗水一旦蒸发，人体的体温就会降下来。

　　The morning after pill is to be given out free over the phone for the first time, under a scheme to be announced today.

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　　The British Pregnancy Advisory Service (BPAS) will encourage women to stock up on the emergency contraceptive over the Christmas period.

　　They will have to register their details on a website and will be phoned by a nurse for a 15-minute consultation intended to weed out young teenagers and assess suitability. However, the charity has admitted that under-age girls will almost certainly obtain pills through the scheme by lying to them. Some children"will not be completely honest about their age",a spokesman said. Under-16s would usually need a prescription to prevent a possible pregnancy in this way.

　　Andrew Lansley, the Health Secretary, said last night that he would prefer the pills to be issued after a face-to-face consultation but stopped short of saying he would intervene.

　　Other critics likened the scheme to dialling for a pizza and warned that teenagers would abuse it to obtain the morning after pill without their parents'knowledge. They said it could fuel promiscuity and encourage unprotected sex, risking a rise in sexually transmitted diseases. BPAS said the service was vital at a time when many surgeries and pharmacies would be closed and because chemists'shops charged up to￡25 for the emergency contraceptive, too expensive for some women.

　　Some high street pharmacies already offer a similar service for a fee but the BPAS service is understood to be the first not to charge.

　　Chemists'have been allowed to sell the morning after pill without a prescription to over-16s since 2001. Last year almost 250,000 doses were issued in England. But recent studies have found that providing the pills has failed to cut rates of conception.

　　A review published last year by the Cochrane Library concluded that women who received an advance supply of the morning after pill had the same chance of becoming pregnant as those who did not have early access to the contraceptive.

　　根据一项将于今日公布的计划，英国将首次通过电话免费提供紧急避孕药。

　　【医学英语阅读文章：Fruit and Veg and Serious Illness 水果、蔬菜和疾病】

　　Five-a-Day "No Benefit" 每日五份没效果

　　One of the most commonly-held beliefs regarding health and nutrition in the UK has been found to be untrue, according to a new scientific study.

　　For many years British people have been recommended to eat at least 'five-a-day' – that is five items of fruit or vegetables every day in order to improve their health and reduce the likelihood of illness, in particular cancer.

　　The recommendation was first put forward in 1990 by the World Health Organization which said that the 'five-a-day' diet could prevent cancer and other chronic diseases.

　　Since then the advice has been a mainstay of public health policies in many developed countries, such as the UK, where the population eat a high proportion of junk food.

　　Many health campaigns have promoted the advice, and indeed much food packaging in Britain states how the contents will constitute part of your five-a-day.

　　However, a study of 500,000 Europeans from 10 different countries refutes the commonly-believed suggestion that up to 50% of cancers could be prevented by increasing the public's consumption of fruit and vegetables.

　　Instead the study, which is led by researchers from a well-respected New York medical school, estimates that only 2.5% of cancers could be averted by eating more fruit and veg.

　　It seems that the key to avoiding cancers is to have an overall healthy lifestyle which includes not smoking or drinking a lot of alcohol, taking exercise and avoiding obesity.

　　But medical charities have spoken out to remind people that diet is an important factor in staying healthy, and that even a 2.5% reduction in cancers is still a positive step.

　　Cancer Research UK said: "It's still a good idea to eat your five-a-day but remember that fruits and vegetables are pieces in a much larger lifestyle jigsaw."

　　Glossary 词汇表

　　nutrition

　　营养

　　scientific study

　　科学研究

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