2013年一级建造师工程法规考试真题及答案

Manipulator is now used as a indus trial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in indus trial automation. Indus trial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industria l automation as a separate subject. Manipula tor application began to filter into welding, logistics, mecha nica l process ing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of pois onous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumsta nces showed great use als o brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intens ive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroa d to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various specia l circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC ha rdwa re software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capita l, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and prog ramming tha t can be mastered in a shor t time, so in the context of industria l PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmla nd, repeated operations on the high-speed line tha t uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the hig h level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipula tor development level is slightly lower than the international. The desig n is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of des ign let designers on in school by learn of has a mus t of consolidation, understa nd has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has mus t awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this desig n in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of indus trial automation and shine, gradually became an indus trial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now origina l robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipula tor position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the externa l environment, but can still success fully complete like welding, pa inting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanica l arms are equipped with sens ors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of "sense", when the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand 2013 年一级建造师工程法规考试真题及答案 一、单项选择题(共 70 题，每题 1 分.每题的备选项中，只有 1 个最符合题意) 1 .下列己经颁布的规范性法律文件中，不属于宪法部门法范畴的是( ) A .《全国人民代表大会组织法》全国人民代表大会组织法》 B .《全国人民代表大会组织法》 中华人民共和国国际法》中华人民共和国国际法》 C .《全国人民代表大会组织法》 中华人民共和国国际法》中华人民共和国反垄断法》 D .《全国人民代表大会组织法》 中华人民共和国国际法》全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会选取法》 答案：C 解析：《全国人民代表大会组织法》 中华人民共和国国际法》反垄断法》 中华人民共和国国际法》属干经济法。参见教材 p2. 2 .根据《全国人民代表大会组织法》 中华人民共和国国际法》中华人民共和国保险法》 中华人民共和国国际法》，投保人参保建筑工程一切险的建筑工程项目， 保险人须负责赔偿因( )造成的损失和费用。 A .设计错误 B .原材料缺陷 C .不可预料的意外事故 D .工艺不完善 答案：C 解析：建筑工程一切险是在建造过程中因自然灾害或意外事故而引起的一切损失的险 种。参见教材 p40 。 3 .下列法律责任中，属于刑事处罚的是( ) A .处分 B .暂扣执照 C .恢复原状 D .罚金 答案：D 全面落实企业主体责任；持续强Ÿ两重点一重大、 “ ”重点地区和特殊作业等重点环节监管，遏制较大以上事故，保持事故总量继续下降，推动两个行业领域安全生产形势持续稳定好转。 manipulator control mode and programma ble controllers introduction 2.1 Select discuss ion with manipula tor control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industria l equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industria l equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the subs tantial increase in the level of industria l automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industria l automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Dis tributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Log ical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contras t 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardwa re there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich softwa re res ources, especia lly the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for indus trial automatic ins trument used to control, whereas now it is success fully developed into industrial control computer used as a centra l collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corres ponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulk ing system, focused on the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocess or in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logica l Controller (that is Manipulator is now used as a indus trial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in indus trial automation. Indus trial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industria l automation as a separate subject. Manipula tor application began to filter into welding, logistics, mecha nica l process ing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of pois onous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumsta nces showed great use als o brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intens ive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroa d to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various specia l circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC ha rdwa re software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capita l, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and prog ramming tha t can be mastered in a shor t time, so in the context of industria l PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmla nd, repeated operations on the high-speed line tha t uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the hig h level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipula tor development level is slightly lower than the international. The desig n is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of des ign let designers on in school by learn of has a mus t of consolidation, understa nd has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has mus t awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this desig n in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of indus trial automation and shine, gradually became an indus trial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now origina l robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipula tor position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the externa l environment, but can still success fully complete like welding, pa inting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanica l arms are equipped with sens ors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of "sense", when the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand 解析：刑事处罚包括主刑和附加刑两部分。主刑有：管制、拘役、有期徒刑、无期徒 刑和死刑。附加刑有：罚金、剥夺政治权利和没收财产.参见教材 P46. 4 .根据《全国人民代表大会组织法》 中华人民共和国国际法》建筑法》 中华人民共和国国际法》，在建工程因故中止施工的，建设单位应当自中止施工之日起( ) 内，向施工许可证颁发机关报告，并按照规定做好建筑工程的维护管理工作. A . 15 天 B . 1 个月 C . 2 个月 D . 3 个月 答案：B 解析：在建的建筑工程因故中止施工的，建设单位应当自中止施工之日起一个月内， 报告，并按照规定做好建筑工程的维护管理工作.参见教材 P54 . 5 .以出让方式取得国有土地使用权的建设项目，建设单位应当持建设项目的批准、核 准、备案文件和国有土地使用权出让合同，向建设项目所在城市、县人民政府( )领取建设 用地规划许可证。 A .土地主管部门 B .建设行政主管部门 C .城乡规划主管部门 D .授权的镇人民政府 答案：C 解析：以出让方式取得国有土地使用权的建设项目，在签订国有土地使用权出让合同 后，建设单位应当持建设项目的批准、核准、备案文件和国有土地出让合同，向城市、县 人民政府城乡规划主管部门领取建设用地规划许可证。参见教材 P51 。 6 .关于建筑工程施工许可管理的说法，错误的是( ) A .申请施工许可证是取得建设用地规划许可证的前置条件 B .保证工程质量和安全的施工措施须在申请施工许可证前编制完成 中华人民共和国国际法》C .只有法律和行 政法规才有权设定施工许可证的申领条件 D .消防设计审核不合格的，不予颁发施工许可证 全面落实企业主体责任；持续强Ÿ两重点一重大、 “ ”重点地区和特殊作业等重点环节监管，遏制较大以上事故，保持事故总量继续下降，推动两个行业领域安全生产形势持续稳定好转。 manipulator control mode and programma ble controllers introduction 2.1 Select discuss ion with manipula tor control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industria l equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industria l equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the subs tantial increase in the level of industria l automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industria l automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Dis tributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Log ical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contras t 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardwa re there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich softwa re res ources, especia lly the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for indus trial automatic ins trument used to control, whereas now it is success fully developed into industrial control computer used as a centra l collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corres ponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulk ing system, focused on the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocess or in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logica l Controller (that is Manipulator is now used as a indus trial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in indus trial automation. Indus trial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industria l automation as a separate subject. Manipula tor application began to filter into welding, logistics, mecha nica l process ing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of pois onous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumsta nces showed great use als o brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intens ive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroa d to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various specia l circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC ha rdwa re software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capita l, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and prog ramming tha t can be mastered in a shor t time, so in the context of industria l PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmla nd, repeated operations on the high-speed line tha t uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the hig h level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipula tor development level is slightly lower than the international. The desig n is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of des ign let designers on in school by learn of has a mus t of consolidation, understa nd has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has mus t awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this desig n in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of indus trial automation and shine, gradually became an indus trial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now origina l robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipula tor position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the externa l environment, but can still success fully complete like welding, pa inting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanica l arms are equipped with sens ors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of "sense", when the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand 答案：A 解析：只有取得规划许可证之后，方可申请办理施工许可。参见教材 p5l 。 7 .关干无资质的“实际施工人”利益受到侵害时处理的说法，正确的是( ) A .无资质承包主题签订的劳务分包合同无效，其合同权益不受法律保护 B .实际施工人不能向没有合同关系的建设工程项目的发包方主张权利 C .实际施工人以发包人为被告主张权利时，则与转包人、违法分包人无关 D .建设工程项目发包人只在欠付工程价款的范围内对实际施工人承担责任。 答案：D 解 中华人民共和国国际法》析：实际施工人的权益受到侵害时，其可以向合同相对方主张权利，甚至可以向建 设工程项目的发包方主张权利，实际施工人以转包人、违法分包人为被告起诉时， 中华人民共和国国际法》人民法 院应当依法受理，实际施工人以发包人为被告主张权利时，人民法院可以追加转包人或者 违法分包人为本案当事人，发包人只在欠付工程款的范围内对实际施 中华人民共和国国际法》工人承担责任。参见 教材 p65 。 8 .施工企业的施工现场消防安全责任人应是( ) A .施工企业负责人 B .专职安全员 C . 一专职消防安全员 D . 项目负责人 答案：D 解析：施工单位的主要负责人是本单位的消防安全责任人，项目负责人则应是本项目 施工现场的消防安全责任人.参见教材 p235 . 9 .施工企业拒不执行公安机关消防机构焦土的停止施工处罚诀定的，将由( )负责强 制执行. A .公安机关 B .旗焦决定的公安机关消防机构 C .人民法院 D . 建设行政主管部门 全面落实企业主体责任；持续强Ÿ两重点一重大、 “ ”重点地区和特殊作业等重点环节监管，遏制较大以上事故，保持事故总量继续下降，推动两个行业领域安全生产形势持续稳定好转。 manipulator control mode and programma ble controllers introduction 2.1 Select discuss ion with manipula tor control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industria l equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industria l equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the subs tantial increase in the level of industria l automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industria l automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Dis tributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Log ical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contras t 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardwa re there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich softwa re res ources, especia lly the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for indus trial automatic ins trument used to control, whereas now it is success fully developed into industrial control computer used as a centra l collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corres ponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulk ing system, focused on the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocess or in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logica l Controller (that is Manipulator is now used as a indus trial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in indus trial automation. Indus trial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industria l automation as a separate subject. Manipula tor application began to filter into welding, logistics, mecha nica l process ing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of pois onous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumsta nces showed great use als o brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intens ive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroa d to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various specia l circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC ha rdwa re software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capita l, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and prog ramming tha t can be mastered in a shor t time, so in the context of industria l PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmla nd, repeated operations on the high-speed line tha t uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the hig h level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipula tor development level is slightly lower than the international. The desig n is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of des ign let designers on in school by learn of has a mus t of consolidation, understa nd has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has mus t awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this desig n in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of indus trial automation and shine, gradually became an indus trial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now origina l robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipula tor position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the externa l environment, but can still success fully complete like welding, pa inting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanica l arms are equipped with sens ors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of "sense", when the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand 答案：B 解析：当事人逾期不执行停产停业、停止使用、停止施工决定的，由作出决定的公安 机关消防机构强制执行.参见教材 p239 · 10 .某工程事故造成 3 人死亡，10 人重伤，直接经济损失达 2 000 万元.根据《全国人民代表大会组织法》 中华人民共和国国际法》生产 安全事故报告和调查处罚案例》 中华人民共和国国际法》，该事故等级为( ) A .特别重大事故一夕 B .较大事故 C .重大事故 D . 一般事故 答案：B 解析：较大事故是指造成 3 人以上 10 人以下死亡，或者 10 人以上 50 人以下重伤. 参见教材 p239 11 . 根据《全国人民代表大会组织法》 中华人民共和国国际法》民法通则》 中华人民共和国国际法》，关于代理的说法，正确的是( ) A . 代理人在授权范围内实施代理行为的法律后果由被代理人承担 B .代理人可以超越代理权实施代理行为 C .被代理人对代理人的一切行为承担民事责任 D .代理是代理人以自己的名义实施民事法律行为 答案：A 解析：代理人在代理权限内，以被代理人的名义实施名师法律行为.被代理人对代理人 的代理行为，承担民事责任.参见教材 p12 . 12 .在施工现场安装、拆卸施工起重机械和整体提升脚手架、模板等自升式架设设备， 必须由( )承担 A .设备使用单位 B .具有相应资质的单位 C .设备出租单位 D .检验检测机构 全面落实企业主体责任；持续强Ÿ两重点一重大、 “ ”重点地区和特殊作业等重点环节监管，遏制较大以上事故，保持事故总量继续下降，推动两个行业领域安全生产形势持续稳定好转。 manipulator control mode and programma ble controllers introduction 2.1 Select discuss ion with manipula tor control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industria l equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industria l equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the subs tantial increase in the level of industria l automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industria l automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Dis tributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Log ical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contras t 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardwa re there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich softwa re res ources, especia lly the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for indus trial automatic ins trument used to control, whereas now it is success fully developed into industrial control computer used as a centra l collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corres ponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulk ing system, focused on the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocess or in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logica l Controller (that is Manipulator is now used as a indus trial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in indus trial automation. Indus trial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industria l automation as a separate subject. Manipula tor application began to filter into welding, logistics, mecha nica l process ing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of pois onous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumsta nces showed great use als o brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this robot to get people's attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intens ive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroa d to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various specia l circumstances and under special conditions set for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC ha rdwa re software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standards. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capita l, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and prog ramming tha t can be mastered in a shor t time, so in the context of industria l PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmla nd, repeated operations on the high-speed line tha t uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the hig h level of automation combined with restrictions on the manipula tor development level is slightly lower than the international. The desig n is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of des ign let designers on in school by learn of has a mus t of consolidation, understa nd has some usually didn't opportunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has mus t awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this desig n in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm research began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of indus trial automation and shine, gradually became an indus trial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now origina l robotic arm spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipula tor position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the externa l environment, but can still success fully complete like welding, pa inting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanica l arms are equipped with sens ors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of "sense", when the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand 答案：B 解析：安装、拆卸施工起重机械和自升式架设设施必须具备相应的资质.参见教材 P258 . 13 .关于发包人收到竣工结算文件后，，在约定期限内不予答复，视为认可竣工结算 文件的说法，正确的是( ) A .必须在合同中有此约定，才可作为结算依据挤 B . 这是法定的视为认可竣工结算文件的情形 C .即使合同通用条款中有此约定，也不能作为结算依据 D .此约定即使写入合同中，也属无效合同条款 答案：B 解析：教材没有直接的描述.参见教材 p293 . 14 .根据《全国人民代表大会组织法》 中华人民共和国国际法》仲裁法》 中华人民共和国国际法》，关于仲裁庭组成的说法，正确的是( ) A .仲裁庭必须由 3 名及 3 名以上的单数仲裁员组成 B .仲裁庭可由当事人双方各选定两名仲裁员组成 C .首席仲裁员可以由当事人双方共同选定 D.首席仲裁员由仲裁委员会任命产生 答案：C, 解析：仲裁庭的组成形式包括合议仲裁庭和独任仲裁庭，仲裁员组成。参见教材 p328 . 15 .建设项目施工过程中发现地下古墓，立即报告当地文物行政部门，文件行政部门 接到报告后，一般应在不超过( )小时赶赴工地现场. A . 12 B . 36 C . 45 D . 24 全面落实企业主体责任；持续强Ÿ两重点一重大、 “ ”重点地区和特殊作业等重点环节监管，遏制较大以上事故，保持事故总量继续下降，推动两个行业领域安全生产形势持续稳定好转。 manipulator control mode and programma ble controllers introduction 2.1 Select discuss ion with manipula tor control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industria l equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industria l equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discrete electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of China's modern industrial automation technology the subs tantial increase in the level of industria l automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industria l automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Dis tributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Log ical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2 PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contras t 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardwa re there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich softwa re res ources, especia lly the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for indus trial automatic ins trument used to control, whereas now it is success fully developed into industrial control computer used as a centra l collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distributed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corres ponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulk ing system, focused on the switch controlling the running order of functions. Marked by the microprocess or in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logica l Controller (that is