英语口语指导:含情态动词的被动语态
1.含情态动词的被动语态:
can / may / must / should + be + 过去分词
eg. He may be sent away from school.
2.带动词不定式的被动语态
eg. My bike needs to be mended.
3.在使用被动语态时,如需要指出动作执行者时,应用“by + 动作的执行者(宾格)”
2.主动语态改被动语态的方法
1)将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面:①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语;②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be+过去分词”结构;③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语,放在谓语动词之后(有时可省略)。
2)含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况:①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语,直接宾语仍保留原位;②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语,此时,间接宾语前要加介词to或 for。如: He gave the boy an apple.→The boy was given an apple.(或An apple was given to the boy.)
3)带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时,一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语,宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。如: We call him Xiao Wang.→He is called Xiao Wang.
4)短语动词是不可分割的整体,改为被动语态时要保持其完整性,介词或副词不可遗漏。如:We must take good care of the young trees.→The young trees must be taken good care of.
5)主动句中在感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice等,及使役动词make,let,have等后跟省略to的不定式,变成被动语态时,应还原省略的不定式符号to。
He makes the girl stay here. →The girl is made to stay here.
6)含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时,通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语,从句放在句子后面。可以这样转换为被动结构的动词有know,say,believe,find,think,report等。如: People believe that he is ill.→It is believed that he is ill.
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