英语口语指导:一般将来时

一般将来时

　　1)shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。

　　will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。

　　Which paragraph shall I read first.

　　Will you be at home at seven this evening?

　　2)be going to +不定式，表示将来。

　　a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。

　　What are you going to do tomorrow?

　　b. 计划，安排要发生的事。

　　The play is going to be produced next month。

　　c. 有迹象要发生的事

　　Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.

　　3)be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。

　　We are to discuss the report next Saturday.

　　4)be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。

　　He is about to leave for Beijing.

　　注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。

　　be going to/will

　　用于条件句时， be going to表将来

　　will表意愿

　　If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.

　　Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.

　　be to和be going to

　　be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。

　　be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。

　　I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排)

　　I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排)

　　一般现在时表将来

　　1)下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。

　　The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.

　　When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.

　　2)倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如：

　　Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.

　　There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.

　　3)在时间或条件句中。

　　When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me.

　　I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.

　　4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。

　　I hope they have a nice time next week.

　　Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.

　　用现在进行时表示将来

　　意为："意图"、"打算"、"安排"、常用于人。常用词为 come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。

　　I'm leaving tomorrow.

　　Are you staying here till next week?

　　现在完成时

　　现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成： have (has) +过去分词。

　　用于现在完成时的句型

　　1)It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。

　　It is the first time that I have visited the city.

　　It was the third time that the boy had been late.

　　2)This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.

　　This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.

　　这是我看过的最好的电影。

　　This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。

　　典型例题

　　(1) ---Do you know our town at all?

　　---No, this is the first time I ___ here.

　　A. wasB. have beenC. cameD. am coming

　　答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。

　　(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?

　　---No, it's the first time I ___ here.

　　A. even, comeB. even, have comeC. ever, comeD. ever, have come

　　答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。

　　注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。

　　(错)I have received his letter for a month.

　　(对)I haven't received his letter for almost a month.

　　比较since和for

　　Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。

　　I have lived here for more than twenty years.

　　I have lived here since I was born..

　　My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.

　　Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976.

　　I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl.

　　My brother has been in the Youth League for two years.

　　I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.

　　注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。

　　I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。)

　　I have worked here for many years. (现在我仍在这里工作。)

　　小窍门：当现在完成时+一段时间，这一结构中，我们用下面的公式转化，很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。

　　1)(对) Tom has studied Russian for three years.

　　= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.

　　2)(错) Harry has got married for six years.

　　= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.