解放军文职考试:比较过去时与现在完成时
1)过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。
2)过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday,last week,…ago,in1980,in October,just now,具体的时间状语
共同的时间状语:
this morning,tonight,this April,now,once,before,already,recently,lately
现在完成时的时间状语
for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet, till / until,up to now,in past years,always,
不确定的时间状语
3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.
过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,get married等。
举例:
I saw this film yesterday:我昨天看了这部电影
(强调看的动作发生过了。)
I have seen this film:我已经看过这部电影
(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。)
Why did you get up so early
(强调起床的动作已发生过了。)
Who hasn't handed in his paper
(强调有卷子,可能为不公平竞争。)
She has returned from Paris:她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday:她是昨天回来了。
He has been in the League for three years:他在团中已经三年
(在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years:他连续三年被一个团内的成员
(是团员的状态可持续)
He joined the League three years ago:他三年前入团
( 三年前入团,joined为短暂行为。)
I have finished my homework now.
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White
---He's already been sent for.
句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yes terday,last,week,in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。
(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
编辑推荐:
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