2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
英语(江苏卷)
注意事项:
考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求
1.本试卷共16页,包含选择题(第1题 - 第70题,共70题),非选择题(第71题 - 第81题,共11题)两部分。本卷满分为120分,考试时间为120分钟。考试结束后,请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
2.答题前,请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡的规定位置上。
3.请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、准考证号与本人是否相符。
4.作答选择题,必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应选项的方框涂满、涂黑;如需改动,请用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案。作答非选择题,必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔在答题卡上的指定位置作答,在其他位置作答一律无效。
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分20分)
做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1分,满分5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?
A.￡19.15. B.￡9.18. C.￡9.15.
答案是C。
1.What time is it now?
A.9:10. B.9:50. C.10:00.
2.What does the woman think of the weather?
A.It’s nice. B.It’s warm. C.It’s cold.
3.What will the man do?
A.Attend a meeting.
B.Give a lecture.
C.Leave his office.
4.What is the woman’s opinion about the course?
A.Too hard.
B.Worth taking.
C.Very easy.
5.What does the woman want the man to do?
A.Speak louder.
B.Apologize to her.
C.Turn off the radio.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6.How long did Michael stay in China?
A.Five days. B.One week. C.Two weeks.
7.Where did Michael go last year?
A.Russia. B.Norway. C.India.
听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。
8.What food does Sally like?
A.Chicken. B.Fish. C.Eggs.
9.What are the speakers going to do?
A.Cook dinner. B.Go shopping. C.Order dishes.
听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。
10.Where are the speakers?
A.In a hospital.
B.In the office.
C.At home.
11.When is the report due?
A.Thursday.
B.Friday.
C.Next Monday.
12.What does George suggest Stephanie do with the report?
A.Improve it.
B.Hand it in later.
C.Leave it with him.
听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。
13.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A.Salesperson and customer.
B.Homeowner and cleaner.
C.Husband and wife.
14.What kind of apartment do the speakers prefer?
A.One with two bedrooms.
B.One without furniture.
C.One near a market.
15.How much rent should one pay for the one-bedroom apartment?
A.$350. B.$400. C.$415.
16.Where is the apartment the speakers would like to see?
A.On Lake Street.
B.On Market Street.
C.On South Street.
听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。
17.What percentage of the world’s tea exports go to Britain?
A.Almost 15%. B.About 30%. C.Over 40%.
18.Why do tea tasters taste tea with milk?
A.Most British people drink tea that way.
B.Tea tastes much better with milk.
C.Tea with milk is healthy.
19.Who suggests a price for each tea?
A.Tea tasters.
B.Tea exporters.
C.Tea companies.
20.What is the speaker talking about?
A.The life of tea tasters.
B.Afternoon tea in Britain.
C.The London Tea Trade Centre.
第二部分:英语知识运用(共两节,满分35分)
第一节:单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
请阅读下面各题,从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例:It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.
A.however B.whatever
C.whichever D.whenever
答案是B。
21.The number of smokers, is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
A.it B.which
C.what D.as
22.Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to to their greatest potential.
A.accelerate B.improve
C.perform D.develop
23.—Jim,can you work this Sunday?
— ?I’ve been working for two weeks on end.
A.Why me B.Why not
C.What if D.So what
24.Much time sitting at a desk,office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
A.being spent B.having spent
C.spent D.spending
25. Li Bai,a great Chinese poet,was born is known to the public,but some won’t accept it.
A.That B.Why
C.Where D.How
26.It is so cold that you can’t go outside fully covered in thick clothes.
A.if B.unless
C.once D.when
27.The university started some new language programs to the country’s Silk Road Economic Belt.
A.apply to B.cater for
C.appeal to D.hunt for
28.It might have saved me some trouble the schedule.
A.did I know B.have I known
C.do I know D.had I known
29.The whole team Cristiano Ronaldo,and he seldom lets them down.
A.wait on B.focus on
C.count on D.call on
30.The real reason why prices ,and still are,too high is complex,and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.
A.were B.will be
C.have been D.had been
31.The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and review of the case.
A.comprehensive B.complicated
C.conscious D.crucial
32.Some schools will have to make in agreement with the national soccer reform.
A.judgments B.adjustments
C.comments D.achievements
33.—Why didn’t you invite John to your birthday party?
—Well,you know he’s .
A.an early bird B.a wet blanket
C.a lucky dog D.a tough nut
34.Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around Thomas Edison.
A.thanks to B.regardless of
C.aside from D.but for
35.—Go and say sorry to your Mom,Dave.
—I’d like to,but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my .
A.requests B.excuses
C.apologies D.regrets
第二节:完形填空(共20小题;每小题1分,满分20分)
请阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I was required to read one of Bernie Siegel’s books in college and was hooked on his positivity from that moment on.The stories of his unconventional 36 and the exceptional patients he wrote about were so 37 to me and had such a big 38 on how I saw life from then on.Who knew that so many years later I would look to Dr.Bernie and his CDs again to 39 my own cancer experience?
I’m an ambitious 40 ,and when I started going through chemo(化疗),even though I’m a very 41 person,I lost my drive to write.I was just too tired and not in the 42 .One day,while waiting to go in for 43 ,I had one of Dr.Bernie’s books in my hand.Another patient 44 what I was reading and struck up a conversation with me 45 he had one of his books with him as well.It 46 that among other things,he was an eighty-year-old writer.He was 47 a published author,and he was currently 48 on a new book.
We would see each other at various times and 49 friends.Sometimes he wore a duck hat,and I would tell myself,he was definitely a(n) 50 of Dr.Bernie.He really put a 51 on my face.He unfortunately 52 last year due to his cancer, 53 he left a deep impression on me and gave me the 54 to pick up my pen again.I 55 to myself,“If he can do it,then so can I.”
36.A.tastes B.ideas
C.notes D.memories
37.A.amazing B.shocking
C.amusing D.strange
38.A.strike B.push
C.challenge D.impact
39.A.learn from B.go over
C.get through D.refer to
40.A.reader B.writer
C.editor D.doctor
41.A.positive B.agreeable
C.humorous D.honest
42.A.mood B.position
C.state D.way
43.A.advice B.reference
C.protection D.treatment
44.A.viewed B.knew
C.noticed D.wondered
45.A.while B.because
C.although D.providing
46.A.came out B.worked out
C.proved out D.turned out
47.A.naturally B.merely
C.hopefully D.actually
48.A.deciding B.investing
C.working D.relying
49.A.became B.helped
C.missed D.visited
50.A.patient B.operator
C.fan D.publisher
51.A.sign B.smile
C.mark D.mask
52.A.showed up B.set off
C.fell down D.passed away
53.A.since B.but
C.so D.for
54.A.guidance B.trust
C.opportunity D.inspiration
55.A.promised B.swore
C.thought D.replied
第三部分:阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
请阅读下列短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
56.According to the Code,visitors should act .
A.with care and respect
B.with relief and pleasure
C.with caution and calmness
D.with attention and observation
57.What are you encouraged to do when travelling in New Zealand?
A.Take your own camping facilities.
B.Bury glass far away from rivers.
C.Follow the track for the sake of plants.
D.Observe signs to approach nesting birds.
B
In the United States alone,over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year.Cell-phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants.The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.
Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver.A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste,the concentration(含量)of gold and other precious metals was higher in so-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.
Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals.Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed,the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries,in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.
Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material,up to 100 times more,than the material contained in the finished products.Consider again the cell-phone,and imagine the mines that produced those metals,the factories needed to make the box and packaging(包装)it came in.Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that “the production,distribution,and use of products—as well as management of the resulting waste—all result in greenhouse gas release.”Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start—for instance,buying reusable products and recycling.
In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive(动机) for reducing waste.If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products,would they reduce the packaging in the first place?
Governments’ incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money.Why,they ask,should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap(气泡垫) that encased your television?
From the governments’ point of view,a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.
58.By mentioning the Swiss study,the author intends to tell us that .
A.the weight of e-goods is rather small
B.e-waste deserves to be made good use of
C.natural minerals contain more precious metals
D.the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste
59.The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended .
A.from producers to governments
B.from governments to producers
C.from individuals to distributors
D.from distributors to governments
60.What does the passage mainly talk about?
A.The increase in e-waste.
B.The creation of e-waste.
C.The seriousness of e-waste.
D.The management of e-waste.
C
Suppose you become a leader in an organization.It’s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization’s activities.To do so,it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.
Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer.Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved.For example,people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness,to expand their range of experiences,and to strengthen social relationships.If volunteer positions do not meet these needs,people may not wish to participate.To select volunteers,you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.
People also volunteer because they are required to do so.To increase levels of community service,some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs.Unfortunately,these programs can shift people’s wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g.,“I volunteer because it’s important to me”) to an external factor (e.g.,“I volunteer because I’m required to do so”).When that happens,people become less likely to volunteer in the future.People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.
Once people begin to volunteer,what leads them to remain in their positions over time?To answer this question,researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time.For instance,one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year.One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions.Although this result may not surprise you,it leads to important practical advice.The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.
Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role.It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work.Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.”Consistent with the researchers’ expectations,they found a positive correlation(正相关) between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer.These results,once again,lead to concrete advice:“Once an individual begins volunteering,continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity....Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity”.
61.People volunteer mainly out of .
A.academic requirements
B.social expectations
C.financial rewards
D.internal needs
62.What can we learn from the Florida study?
A.Follow-up studies should last for one year.
B.Volunteers should get mentally prepared.
C.Strategy training is a must in research.
D.Volunteers are provided with concrete advice.
63.What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work?
A.Individual differences in role identity.
B.Publicly identifiable volunteer T-shirts.
C.Role identity as a volunteer.
D.Practical advice from researchers.
64.What is the best title of the passage?
A.How to Get People to Volunteer
B.How to Study Volunteer Behaviors
C.How to Keep Volunteers’ Interest
D.How to Organize Volunteer Activities
D
Freedom and Responsibility
Freedom’s challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic.We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.
Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom.Before that there was no freedom.There were great civilizations,splendid empires,but no freedom anywhere.Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies,one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.
In Greece,in Athens (雅典),a little city in a little country,there were no helpless masses.And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed,and the unwritten,which must be obeyed if free men live together.They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desert.The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted.A man was free if he was self-controlled.To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom.They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair.Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens,not because it was forced on him from the outside,but because the city was his pride and his safety.The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state.
But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers.It cannot be discovered once for all.If people do not prize it,and work for it,it will go.Constant watch is its price.Athens changed.It was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance,a spiritual change which affected the whole state.It had been the Athenian’s pride and joy to give to their city.That they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds.There had to be a complete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid her citizens for doing her work.Now instead of men giving to the state,the state was to give to them.What the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them;and with this as the primary object,ideas of freedom and self-reliance and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing.Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to share.
Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility.There could be only one result.If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good,they would cease to be free.Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom.It is to be had on no other terms.Athens,the Athens of Ancient Greece,refused responsibility;she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again.
But,“the excellent becomes the permanent,” Aristotle said.Athens lost freedom forever,but freedom was not lost forever for the world.A great American,James Madison,referred to:“The capacity (能力) of mankind for self-government.” No doubt he had not an idea that he was speaking Greek.Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind,but once man has a great and good idea,it is never completely lost.The Digital Age cannot destroy it.Somehow in this or that man’s thought such an idea lives though unconsidered by the world of action.One can never be sure that it is not on the point of breaking out into action only sure that it will do so sometime.
65.What does the underlined word “tyrannies” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A.Countries where their people need help.
B.Powerful states with higher civilization.
C.Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom.
D.Governments ruled with absolute power.
66.People believing in freedom are those who .
A.regard their life as their own business
B.seek gains as their primary object
C.behave within the laws and value systems
D.treat others with kindness and pity
67.What change in attitude took place in Athens?
A.The Athenians refused to take their responsibility.
B.The Athenians no longer took pride in the city.
C.The Athenians benefited spiritually from the government.
D.The Athenians looked on the government as a business.
68.What does the sentence “There could be only one result.” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A.Athens would continue to be free.
B.Athens would cease to have freedom.
C.Freedom would come from responsibility.
D.Freedom would stop Athens from self-dependence.
69.Why does the author refer to Aristotle and Madison?
A.The author is hopeful about freedom.
B.The author is cautious about self-government.
C.The author is skeptical of Greek civilization.
D.The author is proud of man’s capacity.
70.What is the author’s understanding of freedom?
A.Freedom can be more popular in the digital age.
B.Freedom may come to an end in the digital age.
C.Freedom should have priority over responsibility.
D.Freedom needs to be guaranteed by responsibility.
第四部分:任务型阅读(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
请阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意:请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
People select news in expectation of a reward.This reward may be either of two kinds.One is related to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle,the other to what he calls the Reality Principle.For want of better names,we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed reward.
In general,the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption,accidents and disasters,sports,social events,and human interest.Delayed reward may be expected from news of public affairs,economic matters,social problems,science,education,and health.
News of the first kind pays its rewards at once.A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved.He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder,shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane,identify himself with the winning team,laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.
News of the second kind,however,pays its rewards later.It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance—as,for example,when he reads of the threatening foreign situation,the mounting national debt,rising taxes,falling market,scarce housing,and cancer.It has a kind of “threat value.” It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared.When a reader selects delayed reward news,he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work.When he selects news of the other kind,he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.
For any individual,of course,the boundaries of these two classes are not stable.For example,a sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem,rather than for its immediate reward.A coach may read a sports story for its threat value:he may have to play that team next week.A politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting,not for its delayed reward,but very much as his wife reads an account of a party.In any given story of corruption or disaster,a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience,but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness.Therefore,while the division of categories holds in general,an individual’s tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another,or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.
What news stories do you read?
Division of news stories ●People expect to get (71) ▲ from reading news.
●News stories are roughly divided into two classes.
●Some news will excite their readers instantly while others won’t.
(72) ▲ of the two classes ●News of immediate reward will seemingly take their readers to the very frightening scene without actual(73) ▲ .
●Readers will associate themselves closely with what happens in the news stories and (74) ▲ similar feelings with those involved.
●News of delayed reward will make readers suffer,or present a (75) ▲ to them.
●News of delayed reward will induce the reader to (76) ▲ for the reality while news of immediate reward will lead the reader to (77) ▲ from the reality.
Unstable boundaries of the two classes ●What readers expect from news stories are largely shaped by their (78) ▲ .
●Serious readers will both get excited over what happens in some news stories and (79) ▲ themselves to the reality.
●Thus,the division,on the whole,(80) ▲ on the reader.
第五部分:书面表达(满分25分)
81.请阅读下面文字及图表,并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
【写作内容】
1.用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容;
2.结合上述信息,简要分析导致交通问题的主要原因;
3.根据你的分析,从社会规范(rules and regulations)和个人行为两方面谈谈你得到的启示(不少于两点)。
【写作要求】
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句;
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称;
3.不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。
详解详析
2015高考江苏英语卷答案详解
1.A 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.B 9.C
10.B 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.B 16.C 17.B 18.A 19.A 20.C
21.D 考查定语从句。句意:正如所报道的,吸烟者的数量在仅仅一年中下降了百分之十七。as引导非限制性定语从句,意为“正如……,正像……”。
22.D 考查动词辨析。句意:学校应该是活跃的地方,在那里个体被鼓励发展到最大潜能。accelerate“加速”;improve“改善”;perform“执行,完成”;develop“发展”。根据句意应选D项。
23.A 考查交际用语。句意:——吉姆,这个周日你可以加班吗?——为什么是我?我已经连续工作两周了。why me“为什么是我”;why not“为什么不”;what if“如果……会怎么样”;so what“那又怎么样”。
24.C 考查独立主格结构。句意:大部分时间都坐在桌前,办公室员工普遍受到健康问题的困扰。分析句子结构可知,前后两部分之间无连词,因此“Much time sitting at a desk”不是句子而是独立主格结构;time与spend之间是动宾关系,可以排除B、D两项;本题描述的是一种客观事实和普遍现象,因此用一般现在时而不是进行时态。所以选C项。
25.C 考查主语从句的引导词。句意:中国伟大诗人李白的出生地是公众所熟知的,但是有些人不接受。a great Chinese poet作Li Bai的同位语,可以去掉以简化句子。分析剩余部分可知,“ Li Bai was born”是主语从句。C项符合语境和句意。
26.B 考查连词。句意:天如此冷,你不能出去,除非你全身穿上厚衣服。unless“除非”,相当于if...not;if“如果”;once“一旦”;when“当……的时候”。
27.B 考查短语动词词义辨析。句意:这所大学开办了一些新的语言项目来满足丝绸之路经济带的发展需要。apply to“适合,适应,向……申请”;cater for “满足需要,迎合”;appeal to “呼吁,吸引”;hunt for “搜寻”。B项符合句意。
28.D 考查虚拟条件句的倒装。句意:如果我提前知道日程安排,会省去不少麻烦。根据might have saved可知,此题表示与过去事实相反的假设,因此从句用过去完成时。原句可变为:If I had known the schedule,it might have saved me some trouble。
29.C 考查短语动词词义辨析。句意:整个团队都很信任Cristiano Ronaldo,他也很少让他们失望。wait on“伺候,服侍”;focus on“集中于,专注于”;count on“依赖,依靠,信任”;call on“号召”。C项符合句意。
30.A 考查时态。句意:价格过去很高,现在仍然很高的原因是复杂的。简短的论述无法满意地解释这个问题。still意为“仍然”,表示一种状态的延续;由and still are可知,空格处用过去时态。故选A项。
31.A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:警方决定对这个案件进行一次彻底而又全面的审查。comprehensive“全面的,无所不包的,详尽的”;complicated“复杂的”;conscious“神志清醒的”;crucial“至关重要的,关键的”。与thorough并列,comprehensive最符合句意。
32.B 考查名词辨析。句意:一些学校将不得不作出调整,以适应国家足球改革。judgment“判断”;adjustment“调整”;comment“评论”;achievement“成就”。根据句意应选B项。
33.B 考查习语。句意:——你为什么没邀请约翰来参加你的生日聚会?——哦,你知道他是一个扫兴的人。an early bird“早起的人”;a wet blanket“扫兴的人”;a lucky dog“幸运儿”;a tough nut“难对付的人”。
34.D 考查短语辨析。句意:要不是爱迪生,我们今天获益的很多东西就不会存在了。but for“要不是”;thanks to“由于,幸亏”;regardless of “不顾,不管”;aside from“除……以外”。
35.C 考查名词词义辨析。句意:——戴夫,去向你妈妈说对不起。——我愿意去,但是我担心她不满意我的道歉。be happy with是固定词组,意为“对……满意”。request “要求,请求”;excuse“借口”;apology“道歉”;regret“懊悔,遗憾”。C项最佳。
【语篇导读】本文是记叙文。大学时代作者是伯尼·西格尔的忠实读者和粉丝。多年之后,作者靠他的作品和另一位同为伯尼粉丝的病友的鼓励同病魔做斗争,向我们展示了文学的巨大力量。
36.B 句意:那些“想法”新奇的故事和书中所描写的非凡的病人令作者“非常惊奇”,对作者之后的人生态度有着深远的“影响”。根据常识,作家往往会有一些不同寻常的“想法”。
37.A 见上题。amazing“不可思议的”;shocking“令人震惊的”;amusing“好笑的”;strange“奇怪的”。
38.D 从后文作者借助于伯尼·西格尔的书来克服病痛来看,他的作品对作者有很大的影响。strike“罢工,袭击”;push“推;揉”;challenge“挑战”;impact“影响”。
39.C 句意:谁能想到这么多年后我再次依赖伯尼·西格尔和他的CD来“挺过”那段和癌症做斗争的日子。get through在本句中意为“熬过,挺过”;learn from“从……得知”;go over“仔细检查,温习”;refer to“涉及,提到”。
40.B 根据后文“I lost my drive to write.”可知作者是一位作家,故选B项。
41.A 句意:尽管我是一个“积极向上”的人,我也失去了写作的动力。
42.A 句意:我太累了,也“没有心情”。in the mood是固定词组,意为“有心情”。
43.D 句意:有一天,在等待“治疗”的时候,我手里拿着一本伯尼的书。
44.C 句意:另一个病人“注意到”我在读什么书,于是和我聊了起来。
45.B 句意:“因为”他手里也拿着一本他(伯尼)的书。
46.D 句意:“原来”,除了其他身份,他还是一位80岁高龄的作家。It turned out that...是一个it作形式主语的固定句式,意为“原来是/结果是……”。among other things是固定词组,意为“除此之外,除了别的以外”。
47.D 句意:“事实上”他是一位出版过作品的作家。naturally“自然地,顺理成章地”;merely“仅仅”;hopefully“有希望地,怀着希望地”;actually“事实上,实际上”。
48.C 句意:当时他“正写着”一部新书。decide on“决定”;invest on“投资于”;work on“从事,忙于,致力于”;rely on“依赖,依靠,指望”。
49.A 句意:我们经常见面,“成了”朋友。
50.C 句意:有时候他戴着一顶鸭舌帽,我经常告诉自己,他的确是伯尼·西格尔的一个“粉丝”。他和作者一样,看病时都带着伯尼·西格尔的书,因此可知他是伯尼的粉丝。
51.B 句意:他让我的脸上有了“笑容”。
52.D 句意:不幸的是,去年他因为癌症而“离开了人世”。show up“显而易见,到场”;set off “出发,动身,引起”;fall down“跌倒”;pass away“去世,亡故”。
53.B 句意:“但是”他给我留下了深刻的印象,给了我重新提笔的“灵感和激情”。从句意分析,本句与前一个分句存在转折关系,因此选用but。
54.D 见上题。guidance“指导”;trust“信任”;opportunity“机会”;inspiration“灵感,激励”。
55.C 句意:我对自己说:“如果他能做到,那么我也能。” think to oneself是固定词组,意为“自言自语,心里想”。
A
【语篇导读】本文是应用文。文章列举了去新西兰旅行要注意的问题和应该遵守的规则。
56.A 推理判断题。根据所列规则中出现的protect,considerate,take care,carefully等字眼我们可以推断,游客应该谨慎小心并尊重大自然。
57.C 细节理解题。倒数第二条告诉我们,如果有路,不要去草地,以保护脆弱的小草。故C项符合题意。
B
【语篇导读】本文是说明文。面对越来越多的电子垃圾,应该怎么办?谁来负责?生产商?分销商?政府?个人?
58.B 推理判断题。根据第二段后半部分的陈述可知,这份报告披露:与全部的电子垃圾相比,其中含有的稀有金属比例很低,但仍然比以自然状态存在的矿物中的含量要高。其中隐含的意思是:这些电子垃圾中的稀有金属值得好好利用。因此选B项。
59.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility...from the government...to the producers.”可知,这种责任应该由政府延伸到生产商。因此选B项。
60.D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,面对越来越多的电子垃圾,主要的问题是:由谁来做些什么。也就是如何管理(manage),因此选D项。
C
【语篇导读】本文是议论文。文章主要讲述了人们从事志愿活动并坚持下去的理由和动机。
61.D 推理判断题。根据第三段的陈述可知,志愿活动应该缘于内在的动机(an internal factor)而不是外在的因素(an external factor),因此选D项。
62.B 推理判断题。本题信息点在第四段,这个研究给出了一些实用的建议:①对志愿者进行方法上的训练以便处理一些棘手的情况;②为他们提供处理问题的策略。概括这两个方面,就是让志愿者从心理上做好准备以处理不同的问题。
63.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Once an individual begins volunteering,continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity....”可知,一旦开始志愿工作,之后获得的角色认可是继续的动力。故选C项。
64.A 主旨大意题。本文的结构是总分结构,第一段是主题段落。根据本段最后一句(了解人们为什么从事志愿工作,以及是什么保持了他们对志愿工作的兴趣)可知,A项最具概括性,而C项只包含了一个方面。
D
【语篇导读】本文是议论文。没有绝对的自由,建立在自制和责任基础上的自由才是真正的自由。责任是自由的前提和保证。
65.D 词义猜测题。本段最后一句提到,一位有权势的人统治着无助大众。这句话是对tyrannies的解释说明。因此我们可以猜测词义为D项。A项“人民需要帮助的国家”;B项“文明程度很高的强大政权”;C项“人民享有自由的美好的帝国”,均不符合题意。
66.C 推理判断题。本题信息点在第三段。通读本段尤其是最后一句可知,自由的核心理念不是为所欲为,而是自控和对社会的责任。遵守自己所制定的规则才能有自由。因此选C项。
67.A 推理判断题。本题信息点在第四段。通过本段特别是最后三句可知,雅典人态度的变化在于:人们不应给予,而应索取,希望政府为自己提供舒适的生活;自由、自主和责任的观念被忽视甚至消失。后果是他们把政府看作一个拥有巨大财富的机构,谁都可以分享。因此推断A项正确。本题易误选D项,D项是态度发生变化的表现形式或后果。
68.B 推理判断题。本题针对第五段。根据后文的陈述,如果人们坚持不去承担自立的责任和对大家有共同利益的责任,他们就不会有自由。由此可推断B项正确。
69.A 推理判断题。本题针对最后一段。根据其中的“...but freedom was not lost forever for the world.”以及“...once man has a great and good idea,it is never completely lost.”可推断,作者对于自由是充满希望的,故选A项。B项“作者对于自治政府是谨慎的”;C项“作者对希腊文明表示怀疑”;D项“作者对于人类的能力感到骄傲”。这三个选项与本段话题不一致。
70.D 推理判断题。首段开题,末段点题,首尾呼应。通读全文特别是开头和结尾这两段可知,作者认为没有绝对的自由,责任是自由的前提和保证。
71.rewards/rewarded 72.Explanations 73.involvement
74.share 75.threat 76.prepare 77.withdraw
78.profession(s)/intention 79.adapt 80.depends
One possible version:
The traffic issue is a hard nut to crack.It not only affects our everyday life,but may also threaten people’s lives.The three selections presented above are typical examples.
Quite a few things give rise to the traffic problem.In spite of the large-scale construction of roads and highways,there is still much room for improvement,because of the ever increasing number of cars these years.What’s worse,some drivers,cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules.
In fact,traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely related to public order.Without them,people could not enjoy harmony or the country would be in chaos.But rules alone don’t secure an orderly society.It is the people who obey the rules that matter.It is everybody’s duty to observe them to keep our society in order and going on the right track.
(150 words)
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