解放军文职考试:动名词
动名词:
动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能。
一般式
(谓语动词同时发生)doingbeing done
完成式
(谓语动词发生之前)having donehaving been done
动名词的形式:Ving
否定式:not + 动名词
1.一般式:
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
2.被动式:
He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。
3.完成式:
We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。
4.完成被动式:
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。
5.否定式:not + 动名词
I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。
6.复合结构:物主代词(或名词所有格)+ 动名词
He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.
他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。
动名词的句法功能:(1)作主语:
Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。
Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。
当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。
2.作表语:
In the ant city,the queen's job is laying eggs.
在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵。
3.作宾语:
They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。
We have to prevent the air from being polluted.
我们必须阻止空气被污染。
注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语,如上面两个例句。此外,动名词作宾语时,若跟有宾语补足语,则常用形式宾语it,例如:
We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。
要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语:
enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid(避免),excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss,consider,admit(承认),deny(否认),mind,permit,forbid,practise,risk(冒险),appreciate(感激),be busy,be worth,feel like,can't stand,can't help(情不自禁地),think of,dream of,be fond of,prevent…(from),keep …from,stop…(from),protect…from,set about,be engaged in,spend…(in),succeed in,be used to,look forward to,object to,pay attention to,insist on,feel like
4.作定语:
He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。
Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗?
5.作同位语:
The cave,his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密。
His habit,listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.
他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。
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