解放军文职考试:现在分词的句法功能:
1.作定语:现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语做定语
放在名词后。
In the following years he worked even harder.
在后来的几年中,他学习更努力了。
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.
正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能,如:in the following years也可用in the years that
followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.
(2)现在分词作表语:
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。
The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。
be + doing既可能表示现在进行时,也可能是现在分词做表语,它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的
动作是进行时,而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。
3.作宾语补足语:
如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语:
see,watch,hear,feel,find,get,keep,notice,observe,listen to,look at,leave,catch等。例如:
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗?
He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。
4.现在分词作状语:
①作时间状语:
(While) Working in the factory,he was an advanced worker.
在工厂工作时,他是一名先进工人。
②作原因状语:
Being a League member,he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员,他经常帮助他人。
③作方式状语,表示伴随:
He stayed at home,cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里,又擦又洗。
④作条件状语:
(If) Playing all day,you will waste your valuable time.
要是整天玩,你就会浪费宝贵的时间。
⑤作结果状语:
He dropped the glass,breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了,结果摔得粉碎。
⑥作目的状语:
He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。
⑦作让步状语:
Though raining heavily,it cleared up very soon.
虽然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了。
⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格:
I waiting for the bus,a bird fell on my head.
我等汽车时,一只鸟落到我头上。
All the tickets having been sold out,they went away disappointedly.
所有的票已经卖光了,他们失望地离开了。
Time permitting,we'll do another two exercises.
如果时间允许,我们将做另两个练习。
有时也可用with (without) +名词(代词宾格)+分词形式
With the lights burning,he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。
⑨作独立成分:
udging from(by) his appearance,he must be an actor.
从外表看,他一定是个演员。
Generally speaking,girls are more careful. 一般说来,女孩子更细心。
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