（1）1998年真题。Directions:
Study the following set of pictures carefully and write an essay in no less than 150 words.
Your essay must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below:
1. Write out the message conveyed by the cartoon.
2. Give your comments.
真题分析：
本题是考研短文作文中采用漫画来作为试题的第一次尝试。图中一只母鸡在高唱产品承诺，但是我们看一看其承诺会不禁哑然失笑，因为所谓的“承诺”只不过的它的本分。漫画形象生动了反映了当今社会上一个普遍而又奇怪的现象，也就是商家故意混淆“吹嘘”和“分内事”之间的关系，从而误导消费者。
本题的难点在于考生需要从大量的文字信息中找到中心思想。这里的一大忌讳就是盲目翻译打油诗和母鸡的承诺，因为这不仅会占用很多字数，而且不伦不类的翻译还会降低文章的质量。这就进一步说明了在写作图画作文的时候，抓住中心思想、提炼观点才是关键。
思路拓展：
职业道德问题也是中国的经济和社会发展中一个值得人们长期关注的关键问题之一。在市场经济大潮中，许多人在利益的驱使下纷纷都失去了道德和理智，以假冒伪劣产品和劣质的服务来欺瞒消费者，损害消费者的利益。相关话题还包括近年来社会上大力抨击的商业欺诈问题，以及努力倡导“诚信”原则等。相关的领域几乎可以囊括各行各业，包括工业制造业、商业、教育、医药、娱乐界等等热门行业和产业。考生应该注意在平时搜集相关资料，做到举一反三。
范文：
The cartoon presents a hen singing proudly about her promise of producing good-quality eggs. However, a quick glance at her words reveals ironically that the so-called “promise”—round eggs composed of the three necessary parts of shell, white and yolk—is, as a matter of fact, what a hen is supposed to produce.
The hen mirrors a phenomenon that permeates our society, that is, businesses utilize the basic features of their products and services as the selling points for their advertisement campaigns. These “beautiful promises” tend to shape a false impression in the consumers’ mind that the products and services are of extraordinary characteristics. In this sense, the promise of one’s own responsibility is like a method of cheating, and is quite against professional morals, although there is no evidence of dishonesty if the words are examined literally.
In my point of view, other than promising what one should do, the secret for business success is to have the consumers understand what extra advantages they would be provided with. Such an initiative can push businesses to conduct profound research, dedicate themselves to innovation, and concentrate on quality improvement and perfection, thus leading to healthy industry development and positive social effects. Consequently, businesses themselves are surely to benefit more from a wholesome market environment.
译文：
这幅漫画显示了一只母鸡正在骄傲地高歌其生产的优质鸡蛋。可是瞥一眼她说的话，我们就能发现所谓的“承诺”—即下蛋不见棱角，保证蛋皮、蛋清和蛋黄—其实是任何母鸡应该做的事情。
这只母鸡反映了现在社会上普遍存在的一个典型现象，即一些商家在广告中故意用产品和服务的基本特征来作为宣传的噱头。这些“美丽的承诺”给消费者们造成了虚假的印象，使他们认为面对着的产品和服务拥有一些非凡的特点。从这个意义上来说，对于自己本该履行的责任的承诺就好像商业欺骗，违反了职业道德，尽管从字面上来说没有欺诈的痕迹。
我认为，商业成功的秘密不在于承诺做自己应该做的事情，而是应该让消费者得到额外的好处。这会促使企业加大和深入研究工作、致力于创新、关注产品质量的提高和完善，从而取得健康的产业发展和积极的社会效应。商家自身也会因此从一个更加健康的市场环境中得到更多的好处。
闪光词汇及词组：
so-called: 所谓的
as a matter of fact: 实际上
utilize: v. 利用
selling points: adj. 卖点
tend to: 易于，倾向于
in this sense: 在这个意义上，
万能句型：
The cartoon presents…
However, a quick glance at … reveals ironically that…
… mirrors a phenomenon that permeates our society, that is…
In my point of view…Consequently …
(2) Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should:
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then
3) suggest counter-measures.
You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.
“忧”质产品
范文：
The above picture features a man who is quite bothered and dissatisfied with his new toothbrush, which is of poor quality. As the caption indicates, the toothbrush is not a product of good attributes, but of unsatisfactory ones. We can also guess that such a toothbrush may hurt the man’s teeth as well as his mood, inconveniencing him greatly.
It is more than clear on this occasion that the cartoonist wishes to draw more attention to the problem of poor-quality products prevailing in our society. The harm of such a phenomenon is self-evident. On the micro level, consumers are vastly hurt by these products, which might even be life-threatening. On the macro level, if low-quality products continue to spread, they will damage the normal function and operation of a healthy market economy.
Therefore, I strongly contend that immediate measures be adopted to address the quandary. First and foremost, the government should make relevant regulations so as to severely punish manufacturers of poor products. Secondly, Consumer Association and other legal procedure should be further smoothed so that consumers possess the right channel to report related issues. Last but not least, enterprises and companies should enhance their awareness of the importance of proceeding excellent commodities.
译文：
上图画出了一个男人对于他的新牙刷感到十分不满和烦恼，因为该牙刷的质量太差。正如标题所示，这支牙刷并不是优质产品，而是“忧”质产品。我们可以猜到这支牙刷不仅可能伤害这个人的牙齿，也破坏了他的心情，给他带来了很多不便。
很清楚，作图者希望更多的人关注社会上泛滥的低质量产品的问题。这种现象的害处是不言自明的。从微观角度看，这类产品会极大地伤害消费者的利益，甚至可能威胁到他们的生命。从宏观角度看，如果低质量的产品继续传播到我们社会的每一个角落，就会破坏健康市场经济的正常功能和运行。
因此，我强烈建议必须要采取紧急的措施来处理这个问题。首先，政府应该制定相关法规，严惩造假者。其次，健全消费者协会和其他的诉讼机制，以便消费者能够有一个顺畅的渠道来报告类似事件。最后，企业和公司要提高对生产优质产品重要性的认识。
闪光词汇及词组：
bother: v. 烦扰、打扰
caption: n. 标题
attribute: n. 特点、特征
mood: n. 心情、情绪
prevailing: adj. 流行的
self-evident: adj. 不言而喻的，不证自明的
vastly: adv. 广大地，很大程度上
life-threatening: v. 威胁生命的
spread: v. 传播
quandary: n. 困境
smooth: v. 使……顺利
channel: n. 渠道
万能句型：
The above picture features…
It is more than clear on this occasion that the cartoonist wishes to draw more attention to the problem of…
On the micro level…On the macro level…
Therefore, I strongly contend that immediate measures be adopted to address quandary.
(3) Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should:
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then
3) state your point of view.
You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.
范文：
A first glance at this cartoon tells us that a matchmaker is attempting to create a crush between a man and a woman. But the veil on the head of the bride-to-be covers the fact that she is old and ugly, quite opposite to what the matchmaker is advertising. The picture further points out that the matchmaker symbolizes false advertisements and the woman low-quality products.
The cartoon subtly reveals a phenomenon frequently happening in our society—the false commercial advertising and promotion. Their emergence firstly owes to the negative effect of a growing market economy which emphasizes competition. Economic loser fail to learn the lesson in retrospect, and dedicate themselves to cheating customers instead of improving the quality of products and services. False advertisement, seems to be most convenient to attract clients and increase profit in the short run.
However, false advertising can greatly endanger individuals and the whole society. In the long run businesses may damage their own images by fake propaganda, which hurts consumer confidence. As the Chinese saying goes, “those who play fire are bound to get burned”, it is only by genuine advertisement and qualified products that an enterprise can prosper.
译文：
第一眼看这幅图时，我们看到的是一个媒婆正在努力让一对男女互相产生好感。但是我们很快就可以发现这个即将成为新娘的女人并不像媒婆说的那样好，而是又老又丑。这幅图进一步指出了这个媒婆象征了虚假广告，而女人象征了伪劣产品。
这幅图指出了我们的社会中一个经常发生的现象——虚假的广告和推销。这种现象的出现部分是由于在市场经济迅速发展中，过于强调竞争而带来了一些负面效果。一些经济竞争的失败者们没有反思教训，反而尽力去欺骗消费者、不去提高产品和服务的质量。虚假广告在这个时候看起来是吸引消费者、在短期内增加利润的最便利的方法。
但是，我们不可以忽视虚假广告会给消费者以及全社会利益带来极大的损害。此外，虚假的广告宣传伤害了消费者的信心，因此在长期看来会损害企业自身的形象。总的来说，正如一句中国古语所云：“玩火者自焚”，只有企业通过真实的广告和高质量的产品才能繁荣发展。
闪光词汇及词组：
matchmaker: n. 媒人，媒婆
crush: n. 好感
false: adj. 虚假的
retrospect: n. 回顾
in the short run: 短期内
in the long run: 长期内
negligible: adj. 可以忽略的，不予重视的
endanger: v. 危及
in a word: 总的来说
genuine: adj. 真实的
万能句型：
A first glance at this cartoon tells us that… The picture further points out that…
The cartoon subtly reveals a phenomenon frequently happening in our society—
Its emergence firstly owes to
(4) Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should:
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then
3) give your comments.
You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.
范文：
When answering the question of how to be a good actor, those from the 30s held the principle that one needed to learn how to be a man of integrity before acting, and those from the 60s thought it was most important to learn from life, while contemporary actors believe that the decisive factors include a pretty face and being good at publicity.
From the picture, we can see clearly that the ethics of the entertainment circles have gone through a tremendous transformation since the 1930s. No doubt, the artist aims at criticizing this abnormal phenomena in the entertainment industry. It is quite surprising that currently, many actors and actresses do not earn their fame through hard work but scandals, particularly sexual ones. Acting ability is no longer the most important determinant of an actor’s success, which has been replaced by personal appearance, figure, fashion, and other factors—all of which are superficial elements.
Such a trend is definitely detrimental to long-range development of the industry and the actors’ personality. The vogue may be translated into negatively impact on the young generation which composes a large portion of groupies. In my opinion, it is the common responsibility of government and the whole society to restore ethos of the 30s and 60s into the entertainment circles.
译文：
当回答如何做一个好演员这个问题的时候，三十年代的演员坚持“先学做人，再学做事”的原则，六十年代的演员认为应该“深入生活、提高修养”，而现在的演员则认为关键的因素在于“漂亮脸蛋、善于炒作”
从这幅图中，我们可以清楚地看到娱乐界的道德规范自从上个世纪30年代以来经历了巨大的变化。毫无疑问，画图者意在批评一个发生在娱乐圈的不正常现象。令人惊讶的是，现在许多演员不是通过努力工作来赢得名声，而是通过各种丑闻尤其是性丑闻。此外，演技不再是一个演员取得成功的重要决定因素，而是演员个人的外表、身材、时尚等，这些都是很肤浅的因素。
但是，这种趋势必然会对娱乐业和演员的个性发展产生长期的不利影响。而且这种风气可能会影响到年轻一代，他们大多都是明星的崇拜者。我认为，政府和社会应该共同承担起责任，使得30年代和60年代的风气重新回到演艺界。
闪光词汇及词组：
principle: n. 原则
integrity: n. 正直
contemporary: adj. 当代的
decisive: adj. 决定性的
publicity: n. 媒体炒作
ethics: n. 道德规范
entertainment circle: n. 娱乐界
go through: 经历
criticize: v. 批评
abnormal: adj. 不正常的，反常的
scandal: n. 绯闻
determinant: n. 决定因素
replace: 替代
figure: n. 身材
vogue: n. 风气，时尚
be translated into: 把……转变成
compose: v. 组成
portion: n. 部分
ethos: n. 道义，风气
万能句型：
From the picture, we can see clearly that…
No doubt, the artist aims at…
Such a trend is definitely detrimental to a long-range development of…
(5) Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should:
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then
3) give your comments.
You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.
范文：
The picture describes an increasingly common scenario in today’s world. An employee quits her previous job and carries the company’s confidential commercial information to her new position, which quite angers her former boss. Meanwhile, the employee herself is ignorant of her misbehavior, but only indulges in the happiness of a better career development.
I would like to begin the discussion by relating the background of this phenomenon. As China has experienced, and is experiencing, a prosperous economic boom with numerous companies mushrooming, people start to throw away the deep-rooted thought that one should keep a single job as a life-long pursuit. Instead, job hopping has become as common as daily meals. A series of problems thus emerge, including how employees stick to their occupational discipline to keep secrets of different organizations. Some people are offered a new position merely for the much intelligence they command, while others might reveal confidential information unconsciously. Their behavior leads to unfair competition and damage the otherwise well-functioning economic order.
In my point of view, for one thing, all employees need to be instilled with honesty and loyalty. Honesty records should be established to evaluate employees’ credibility. For another, therefore should be interferences from relevant laws and regulations in order to chastise those whose telltale action results in great harm.
译文：
这幅图描绘了在当今世界一个越来越普遍的现象。一个职员辞掉了她先前的工作，带着那个公司的商业机密去了她的新岗位，这使她的前一个老板颇为生气。同时，这个职员却并没有意识到她的不端行为，而是沉浸在得到一个更好的职业发展的快乐中。
我想以这个现象的背景来开始我的讨论。中国已经经历了、而且正在经历一个繁荣的经济发展，许多公司如雨后春笋般拔地而起。而人们也抛弃了过去那种一生只做一份工作的根深蒂固的观念，更换工作变得像家常便饭一样普通。于是也出现了一系列的问题，包括员工们如何坚持职业道德、保守机构秘密等。一些人得到新的工作仅仅是因为他们掌握了很多情报，另一些人也许在无意识中就泄露了机密信息。这两种行为都会导致不公平的竞争、并且严重影响经济秩序的良好运行。
我认为，一方面，所有的员工们应该意识到诚信、忠诚这些品质的重要性。应该通过建立诚信纪录来评估员工的可信度。另一方面，我们呼吁相关法律法规对此进行干预，以便惩罚那些由于泄密而导致严重损失的人。
闪光词汇及词组：
confidential: adj. 秘密的，机密的
misbehavior: n. 品行不端
indulge in: 沉湎于
mushroom: v. 迅速发展
deep-rooted: adj. 根深蒂固的
stick to: 坚持
unconsciously: adv. 无意识地
well-functioning: adj. 运行良好的
be instilled with: 被灌输……
loyalty: n. 忠诚
credibility: n. 可信度
interference: n. 干涉、干预
chastise: v. 严惩、惩罚
telltale: adj. 泄密的
万能句型：
The picture describes an increasingly common scenario in today’s world.
I would like to begin the discussion by…
A series of problems thus emerge, including…
(6) Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should:
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then
3) state your point of view.
You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.
范文：
We can see from the picture that a leopard, with his right hand bleeding, went into a clinic. Having received some treatment, he came out with his hand bound up, but his beautiful speckles have disappeared.
If the leopard could speak out his mind, he would surely express how anguished he felt for the loss of his speckles. There are three reasons why the loss happened to the leopard. Firstly, the doctor did not give the leopard a very careful examination before the treatment, which resulted from the lack of a sense of responsibility. These doctors have no enthusiasm for their job, nor patience or affection for their patients. Secondly, though currently there are many clinics, the number of the qualified doctors is very limited. Some clinics are run by those who do not have the required doctor’s qualification, which poses potential danger for patients. Thirdly, some clinics impose on patients unnecessary treatment or examination sheerly for profit.
I maintain that effective measures should be taken to put an end to this phenomenon. Firstly, we need to advocate social responsibility and professional ethics in each field. Secondly, strict regulations should be enacted and enforced to create a harmonious and orderly society. Only through the combined efforts of government and society can we eliminate this “tumor” forcefully and completely.
译文：
从图中我们可以看到一只美洲豹带着流血的右爪走进了一家诊所。在接受了一番治疗之后，他带着绑着绷带的右爪走出了诊所，而他身上漂亮的斑点也消失了
如果这只美洲豹可以说出他心里的想法，他一定会表达失去了斑点的苦恼。发生在这只美洲豹身上的事情可以通过三个原因来解释。第一，诊所的医生在开始治疗之前没有给美洲豹进行细致的检查，这主要归咎于医生的不负责任。这些医生对他们的工作没有任何热情，对于病人也没有耐心和同情。第二，尽管现在有很多的诊所，但是却没有很多达到医疗资格的医生。因此，许多诊所是由那些没有行医资格的人经营的，这给病人们带来了很大的潜在危险。第三，一些诊所为了牟利而强加给病人各种不必要的检查和治疗。
我认为必须采取有效的措施来结束这种现象。首先，我们应该在各行各业内大力宣扬社会责任和职业道德。其次，应该制定和执行严格的规定，从而创造一个和谐和有序的社会。只有通过这些综合的努力，我们才能够把这个社会“毒瘤”彻底清除掉。
闪光词汇及词组：
bounded up: 绑着的
speckle: n. 斑点
speak out: 大声说出
anguished: adj. 痛苦的，苦恼的
enthusiasm: n. 热心，积极性
affection: n. 友爱，感情
impose: v. 强加
tumor: n. 毒瘤
万能句型：
We can see from the picture that…
I maintain that effective measures should be taken to put an end to this phenomenon.
Strict regulations should be enacted and enforced to create a harmonious and orderly society.
(7) Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should:
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then
3) state your point of view.
You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.
范文：
Traditional wisdom has it that slow and careful work yields perfect results. But nowadays many companies force workers to finish their tasks as fast as they can, even by lengthening the working hours. As is shown in the picture, workers in a construction site have to keep on working until midnight.
Such a practice is very harmful. First, it cannot ensure the quality of the project. Overworking makes workers feel exhausted, some of whom might be absent-minded and fail to fulfill their tasks with adequate energy. Second, workers are not provided with satisfying working conditions. In the picture we find no lights or other facilities for lighting, and the workers work by the moonlight and thus are very likely to have accident. Thirdly, it goes against China’s Labor Code which prohibits employers from forcing workers to work more than eight hours per day without overtime pay.
Therefore, we have every reason to take immediate measures against this negative practice. The government should strictly enforce the Labor Code, as well as take workers’ rights into serious consideration. Working conditions should also be improved so as to prevent workers’ getting physical injuries or harm. Only by these means can we avoid producing poor-quality products and maintain worker health.
译文：
老人们经常说，慢工出细活。但是现在很多公司都迫使工人尽快完成他们的任务，即使是通过延长工作时间来完成。就像这幅图中所显示的那样，一个建筑工地的工人们不得不工作到深夜。
这种做法是非常有害的。首先，这不能保证工程的质量。过度的工作量使工人们精疲力竭，他们可能变得工作时心不在焉、无法用足够的精力来完成任务。第二，工人们也没有得到令人满意的工作环境。在图中还没任何灯光和其他照明设施，工人们就着月光工作，因此很容易发生危险。第三，这种做法也违反了中国的《劳动法》，该法律禁止雇主迫使工人工作超过八小时而不支付加班费。
因此，我们有足够的理由尽快采取措施来治理这种不好的做法。一方面，政府应该严格执行《劳动法》，并认真考虑工人们的权利。另一方面，应该通过改进工作环境防止对工人们造成身体上的伤害。只有通过这些方式，我们才能防止造成低质量的工程，并保持工人们的健康。
闪光词汇及词组：
lengthen: v. 延长，使变长
construction site: 建筑工地
exhausted: adj. 精疲力竭的
absent-minded: adj. 心不在焉的
adequate: adj. 适当的，足够的
be likely to: 很可能
prohibit: v. 禁止
overtime pay: 加班费
means: n. 方式，方法
万能句型：
Traditional wisdom has it that slow and careful work yields perfect results.
Such a practice is very harmful.
Therefore, we have every reason to take immediate measures against this negative practice.
(8) Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should:
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then
3) state your point of view.
You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.
范文：
As is shown in the cartoon, with the rapid development of market economy, many people cannot wait to make a fortune, and will even do so at the cost of giving up occupational ethics. Take the two vendors in the cartoon for example. Both of them claim that their food is more genuine than the other, which poses such a great dilemma to the tourist that he cannot decide which restaurant to choose.
This phenomenon commonly appears in our daily life. Nowadays, many enterprises fail to aggregate their profit by concentrating on the quality of products and services. Instead, they only try their best to force customers to buy their products while refusing to consider the latter’s benefits and feelings. Such deeds not only harm customer confidence and social welfare, but also destroy the enterprises’ own images and decrease their market share in the long run.
Therefore, it is of great significance to take actions to change this phenomenon. First and foremost, every business and industry should build a wholesome system of occupational ethics emphasizing the quality of honesty. In addition, the market should bolster fair competition regulated by standards, so that all businesses bear in mind that customers come first and are entitled to respect. These steps can help guarantee a solid economic order and a harmonious society.
译文：
就像图中画的那样，在迅速发展的市场经济中，许多人都不惜以牺牲职业道德为代价来赚钱。以图中的这两个卖主为例，他们都声称自己的产品比对手更加正宗，这使得游客不知所措、不知该选择哪一家餐馆。
这种现象在我们的日常生活中普遍存在。现在很多企业都不是通过集中精力改进产品和服务来取得更高的利润。相反，他们试图逼迫消费者购买他们的产品，而拒绝考虑后者的利益和感受。这些做法不仅伤害了消费者的信心和社会利益，同时也损害了企业自己的形象、在长期会减少它们的市场份额。
因此，采取措施来改变这一现象具有十分重要的意义。首先，工商业应该建立健康的职业道德系统，强调诚信这一品质。此外，市场应该通过标准和规定来支持公平竞争，让商业界牢记顾客是上帝，他们有资格得到尊重。所有这些措施都能够保证我们有一个良好的经济秩序和和谐的社会。
闪光词汇及词组：
make a fortune: 发财
at the cost of: 以……为代价
occupational: adj. 职业的
vendor: n. 卖主
genuine: adj. 真实的，正宗的
dilemma: n. 两难境地
aggregate: v. 聚集，集合，合计
market share: 市场份额
bolster: v. 支持
be entitled to: 有……的权利、资格
万能句型：
Take … in the cartoon for example.
This phenomenon commonly appears in our daily life.
Therefore, it is of great significance to take actions to change this phenomenon.
These steps can help guarantee a solid economic order and a harmonious society.
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