（1）2000年真题。Directions:
Study the following set of pictures carefully and write an essay in no less than 150 words.
Your essay must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below:
1. Describe the pictures
2. Deduce the purpose of the artist of the pictures.
3. Suggest counter-measures.
真题分析：
本题的题目是一组图，其中上下两幅图形成了鲜明的对比。考生需要抓住的细节包括年代的差别（分别是1900年和1995年，相隔约一个世纪）、渔船数量的差别、海洋中鱼的数量差别。这时只要简单地加以分析就可以发现，画图者的意图是警告人们，如果人类继续无节制地开发自然资源，那么总有一天自然资源将会彻底枯竭，最终威胁到人类自己的生存。考生需要分析画图者的本意，并提出相应的解决措施。
这里需要再次提醒的一点是，在第一段描述图中内容时，要用过去时来说明两个不同年代的情况。
思路拓展：
环境问题是一个涉及内容十分广泛的话题，包括环境污染、沙漠化、森林退化、资源枯竭、全球变暖、生态失衡，同时还与人口增长、经济发展、能源开发等一系列社会问题紧密相连。从根本上来说，这都是由于人类无休止地向地球索取、而没有采取合适的方法来回报地球，造成地球的产能已经无法承受如此巨大的负担。考生在文章中可以提出，要彻底解决环境问题，需要各国政府和全世界每一个人的通力合作，需要唤醒所有人的环境保护意识，用所有可能的措施，包括政治和经济上的合作、全社会的大力倡导、法律的介入等一系列措施来治理这一问题。
范文：
The picture unveils a drastic change of ocean ecology during the past century due to the expanding scale of world commercial fishing. There were few fishing ships on the sea in 1900 when an enormous number of fish swam freely; in contrast, in 1995 a large fleet of ships were endeavoring to search for the only fish in the sea.
The tremendous contrast presented by the drawing alarmingly reminds us of the detrimental deterioration of oceanic ecosystem by the greediness of mankind. The industry of commercial fishing had undergone a booming expansion along with the growing public awareness of the merits of seafood, which made fishing unusually profitable. Lacking knowledge regarding the significance of ecological balance, businessmen sent out ships that insatiably chased fishes and thus posed a severe threat to all life in the sea. However, this trend may in turn endanger humankind.
To prevent the exhaustion of ocean resources, governments should unite to work out effective measures against commercial fishing. For instance, there should be limitations on fishing time and location so as to reduce the exploitation of the sea. Moreover, people also call for laws and regulations that are responsible for punishing excessive fishing. Last but not the least, the public attachment to the importance of balance preservation would play a decisive role in saving ocean species from extinction.
译文：
该图显示出20世纪以来由于全球商业捕鱼业的大规模扩张而导致海洋生态系统的巨大变化。1900年的时候海上只有一艘船，而海里有许许多多鱼儿在自由地遨游；相反，到了1995年，海上有许多渔船，它们都在努力寻找海里仅剩的一条鱼。
该图所显示出来的巨大反差使我们警醒地意识到人们的贪婪给海洋生态系统造成了巨大的破坏。随着公众意识到了海鲜食品的价值，商业捕鱼也在不断扩张，而且有着十分高的利润率。由于商人们缺少对于生态平衡的认识，他们的渔船无休止地捕鱼，给海洋生物的生存造成了巨大的威胁。但是，这个趋势可能最终会反过来威胁到人类自己的生存。
为了防止海洋资源的枯竭，各个政府必须联合起来，对商业捕鱼采取有效的措施。例如，为了防止过度捕捞，可以限制捕鱼的时间和地点。此外，人们还呼吁制定更多的法律法规来惩罚过度捕捞。最后，公众对于保持生态平衡重要性的认识对于拯救濒临灭绝的海洋生物起到了决定性的作用。
闪光词汇及词组：
expanding: adj. 扩张的
scale: n. 规模
enormous: adj. 巨大的，庞大的
search for: 寻找
detrimental: adj. 有害的
deterioration: n. 退化，变坏
along with: 与……一起
profitable: adj. 有利可图的
insatiably: adv. 不知足地
pose a threat to: 对……造成威胁
endanger: v. 危及
exploitation: n. 开发，开采
call for: 要求
excessive: adj. 过多的，过分的
万能句型：
The picture unveils a drastic change of…
The tremendous contrast presented by the drawing alarmingly reminds us…
Lacking knowledge regarding…
(2) Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should:
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then
3) suggest counter-measures.
You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.
范文：
This is a very interesting cartoon, in which two sharks are celebrating the good news that thanks to global warming, the sea water will drown a nearby island in five years where a man is fishing. Hence, the sharks are eager to enjoy a good meal of human flesh.
Though exaggerate a little, the cartoon illuminates a serious fact that the unusually rapid speed of sea-level rise, caused by global warming, is devouring our lands, and for that matter, our lives. A recent report also supported this view by quoting scientists’ forecast that island countries like Japan and Indonesia, as well as the numerous islands on the Pacific Ocean, might disappear from our maps forever. The current greenhouse effect remains out of control. We are sad to perceive that the threat fail to arouse enough attention, which is best exemplified by the frustration that Kyoto Protocol confronts.
In my opinion, it is high time for the whole world to form cooperation fighting global warming, because not a single government nor person is exempt from its harm. A series of down-to-earth measures need to be urgently implemented to control the output of carbon dioxide that greatly contributes to global warming.
译文：
这是一幅十分有趣的漫画，其中两只鲨鱼在庆贺一个好消息，因为全球变暖，海水五年后就会淹没附近的一个小岛，岛上有一个人在钓鱼。因此，鲨鱼们迫不及待地想吃一餐美味的人肉大餐。
尽管这幅漫画有一些夸张，但是它却指出了一个严重的事实，那就是由于全球变暖导致的海平面反常地迅速上升，海水逐渐吞噬人们生存的土地，威胁到我们的生命。在最近的一份报告中，科学家预测如果温室效应继续处于失控状态的话，那么日本、印度尼西亚等岛国和其他一些太平洋上的小岛都将从我们的地图上消失。可是，令我们心寒的是这个威胁还没有引起足够的重视，最好的一个例证就是《东京协定》一直无法顺利实施。
因此，我认为现在已经到了全世界联合起来共同抗击全球变暖的关键时刻，因为没有任何一个政府和个人能够免受其影响。我们需要尽快采取一些实实在在的措施，以期减少二氧化碳的排放，控制全球变暖的趋势。
闪光词汇及词组：
thanks to: 由于
hence: adv. 因此
devour: v. 吞噬
for that matter: 对于那件事情，因为那个原因
greenhouse effect: 温室效应
exemplify: v. 举例，例证
Kyoto Protocol: 《东京协定》
exempt: adj. 被免除的
down-to-earth: adj. 实际的，实实在在的
carbon dioxide: n. 二氧化碳
万能句型：
This is a very interesting cartoon, in which…
A recent report also supported this view by…
We are sad to perceive that…
It is high time for…
(3) Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should:
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then
3) Suggest counter-measures.
You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.
范文：
The cartoon presents the Earth with a personified human face that seems quite unhappy. A examination of the picture immediately reveals that the source of its mood is the air pollution resulting from a huge number of automobiles spread around its surface.
The cartoon, no doubt, aims at alarming humans of the heavy load we have exerted on Earth by our insatiable production and usage of automobiles. However, the majority of people merely indulge in the celebration of the convenience brought by cars, while forgetting or simply neglecting their harmful impact on the atmosphere. Admittedly, there are various factors contributing to the current worldwide air pollution, but it is undeniable that the exhaust from automobiles is categorized as one of the major elements.
I would like to make the following proposals to solve this problem: firstly, we should apply the most cutting-edge technologies in order to adopt new forms of energy as substitutes for fossil fuels. It should also be guaranteed that the clean energy be inexpensive so that it can be widely accepted. Besides, there shold be attempts to develop possible transportation means, so that citizens can be diverted from dependence on cars. In short, it is humans’ responsibility to resume clean air for Earth.
译文：
这幅漫画以拟人的方式呈现地球，它的脸显得非常不高兴。仔细观察这幅图就会发现其郁闷来自于空气污染，这是由于其表面上有着无数车辆在行驶。
毫无疑问，这幅漫画意在向人们敲响警钟，即人类永不知足的生产和使用汽车给我们的地球带来了巨大的负担。但是，大部分人却沉溺于汽车带来方便，而忘记了或者是忽略了其对大气层的负面影响。诚然，有很多因素导致了现在的全球空气污染问题，但是不能否认的是汽车废气被归为最重要的因素之一。
为了解决这个问题，我想提出以下建议：第一，我们应该运用最先进的技术从而以新能源替代化石燃料。同时，我们要确保清洁能源的价格低廉以得到大众的接受。此外，我们应该尝试发展各种交通方式，这样市民们能够摆脱对于汽车的依赖。简而言之，人类有责任来恢复地球的清洁空气。
闪光词汇及词组：
personify: v. 赋与...以人性, 使人格化
atmosphere: n. 大气，空气
admittedly: adv. 诚然
undeniable: adj. 不可否认的
categorize: v. 分类，加以分类
cutting-edge: adj. 前沿的
substitute: n. 替代品
fossil fuels: 化石燃料（包括煤、石油、天然气等）
guarantee: v. 保证
divert: v. 转移，转向
万能句型：
The cartoon presents … with a personified human face that seems…
A examination of the picture immediately reveals that…
The cartoon, no doubt, aims at alarming to humans of…
I would like to make the following proposals to solve this problem …
We should apply the most cutting-edge technologies in order to…
(4) Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should:
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then
3) give your comments and suggest counter-measures.
You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.
范文：
In this picture a man rudely opens a garbage can and violently throws all kinds of waste into it. However, the box is not an ordinary trash can, but is, as a matter of fact, the Earth. It is where survive, breed, and prosper. But as the drawing indicates, Earth does not receive an equal repayment. Quite the contrary, one of the biggest “gifts” humans return to Earth is an unbelievable amount of trash.
The picture purposefully points out a kind of pollution that arouses little public attention, that is, garbage. The past century has witnessed an unprecedented increase in garbage output, most of it technological products that are difficult to be decomposed through natural processes, such as plastics and glass. Furthermore, a recent report released that several major Chinese cities are already surrounded by circles of trash in the suburban areas, polluting air, water, and earth.
Hence, the issue of waste pollution needs to be addressed as one of the priorities that demand social efforts. Only through a holistic system of trash disposal can this problem be fully solved. Moreover, we should advocate a more frugal lifestyle so as to reduce the growing scale of waste pollution.
译文：
在该图中，一个男人粗鲁地打开一个垃圾箱、猛然地把各种垃圾往里倒。但是，这不是一个普通的垃圾箱，而实际上是地球，是人类生存、繁衍和发展的土地。可正如图中所表明的那样，地球却没有得到她应得的回报。相反，人类回复给地球的最大“礼物”之一就是数量惊人的垃圾。
这幅图意在指出一种没有得到足够公众关注的污染，即垃圾污染。过去的一个世纪见证了人类前所未有的垃圾生产，而大部分是来源于各种技术产品的垃圾，它们很难通过自然过程进行分解，比如塑料和玻璃。此外，最近的一则报道显示中国的几个主要城市的郊区几乎都被垃圾所包围，全方位地污染了空气、水源和土地。
因此，垃圾污染这一问题必须被看作是需要得到全社会努力解决的主要问题之一。只有通过一个全面的垃圾处理系统才能够充分解决这一问题。此外，我们应该提倡一种更加节俭的生活方式，以减小垃圾污染的增长规模。
闪光词汇及词组：
breed: v. 繁殖，繁衍
prosper: v. 繁荣，昌盛
unbelievable: adj. 难以置信的
unprecedented: adj. 前所未有的
decompose: v. 分解
suburban: adj. 郊区的
holistic: adj. 整体的，全盘的
trash disposal: 垃圾处理
advocate: v. 提倡，鼓吹
frugal: adj. 节俭的，朴素的
scale: n. 规模，范围
万能句型：
However…is not … but is…, as a matter of fact, …
Quite the contrary…
The picture purposefully points out…
The past century has witnessed an unprecedented increase in…
Only through … trash disposal can this problem be fully solved.
Moreover, we should advocate…
(5) Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should:
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then
3) Suggest counter-measures.
You should write on ANSWER SHEET 2.
范文：
The drawing portrays a tragic scene in which the only remaining tree of a previous forest begs the pardon of a lumberman, as if empowered by human emotions. Surrounding this tree are numerous fresh tree stumps, which testify to the lumberman’s “hard work” while lamenting the loss of their paradise.
The picture aims at assailing a serious environmental problem—deforestation, for which several factors are responsible. In the first place, wood is an indispensable raw material for industrial production and daily life. Secondly, the expanding human population requires more living space, and forests are always the first choice humans decide to sacrifice. As a result, forests have experienced, and are experiencing fatal destruction worldwide.
Given forests’ fundamental role in sustaining ecological balance, their damage will result in irreversible harm to the world’s environment. Therefore, urgent and effective measures should be implemented so as to prevent deforestation. For instance, there are already some steps that have proved useful, say, the establishment of reserves of natural lands, the creation of substitutes of wooden products. The preservation and restoration of forests is a complex project that calls for more concern from the human society.
译文：
这幅图描绘了一个悲剧的场景，一片森林中唯一存活的一棵树向站在它面前的伐木工乞求不要将自己砍掉，仿佛被赋予了人的感情。这棵树的周围都是刚被砍掉的大树留下的树桩，充分证明了伐木工的“勤奋工作”，同时这些树桩仿佛也在悲叹失去了的生活天堂。
这幅图的目的在于质问一个严重的环境问题——去森林化，这其中有许多因素。首先，木头是工业生产和人们生活中不可或缺的一种原材料。其次，不断扩张的人口规模需要更多的生存空间，而森林往往是人类愿意牺牲的第一个选择。因此，在全世界范围内，森林已经经历了并正在经历致命性的毁灭。
由于森林对于保持生态平衡具有重要的作用，因此对森林的破坏会对全球环境造成不可逆转的破坏。因此，我们必须采取紧急和有效的措施来制止这一去森林化的趋势。例如，我们已经有一些被证明为有效的措施，如建立自然环境保护区，发明木头产品的替代品等。另外，森林的保护和恢复是一项复杂的系统工程，需要得到全社会对环保问题的共同和全面的关注。
闪光词汇及词组：
portray: v. 描绘
lumberman: n. 伐木工
empower: v. 使能够
stump: n. 树桩
testify: v. 证明
lament: v. 悲叹
paradise: n. 天堂
assail: v. 攻击，质问
deforestation: n. 采伐森林，去森林化
indispensable: adj. 不可或缺的
raw material: 原材料
sacrifice: v. 牺牲
irreversible: adj. 不能撤回的，不能取消的
reserves: n. 保留地
restoration: n.恢复
万能句型：
The drawing portrays a tragic scene…
The picture aims at assailing a serious … problem
Therefore, urgent and effective measures should be implemented so as to prevent…
（6）Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should:
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then
3) Suggest counter-measures.
范文：
Today’s society is deluged with fake products and constructions. Given this fact, we still feel quite shocked to discover in this picture that a water disposal station is such a counterfeit project. Polluted water that goes through the station inexplicably remains unchanged, but is able to be drained off into rivers and seas.
The drawing ironically echoes with the insufficient efforts we have committed against pollution. On the one hand, government and the whole society have already arrived at the consensus that great manpower and money should be input to fully implement water conservation policy. On the other hand, some local officials only care about how to bring about a thriving economy and vibrant trade flows, neglecting the accountability of environmental protection. But I would say that the picture reveals an action lacking farsighted view, because pollution, in the long run, will inevitably undermine the fundamentals of economy.
To briefly conclude, the inadequate efforts to pollution issues are posing a fatal threat to mankind’s survival on Earth. To prevent such a pessimistic future, the public should impose great pressure on government to take pollution affairs as priorities. Additionally, those who are responsible for false facilities that claim to address pollution should be fined and chastised.
译文：
现代社会的一大特点就是假冒伪劣产品和工程到处泛滥。虽然我们知道这样一个事实，我们仍然惊讶于图中的污水处理站竟然是如此的一个赝品。经过这个处理站的污水不知为何没有经过任何处理，但却因此可以随意排放到河流和海洋中。
这幅图指出了我们目前在治理污染这个问题上没有花足够的力气。一方面，政府和全社会都达成了以下共识，即我们要花巨大的人力和财力来保护水资源。另一方面，一些地方官员只关心经济和贸易的发展，而忽略了环境保护的责任。我认为这是一种非常缺乏远见的做法，因为污染在长期看来会根本地损害经济。
总而言之，如果解决污染不力的话，会给人类在地球上的生存带来致命的威胁。为了防止这种悲观的前景，公众应该向政府施加压力，以使政府把治理污染作为第一要务。此外，那些假冒的污染处理设施的负责人应该被处以罚款和严惩。
闪光词汇及词组：
deluge: n. 洪水，泛滥，蜂拥而至的东西
counterfeit: n. 赝品，伪造品
inexplicable: adj. 无法说明的
drain off: 排放
consensus: n. 一致，多数人的意见
conservation: n. 保守，保持
thriving: adj. 旺盛的，繁荣的
vibrant trade flows: 兴旺的贸易流
priority: n. 优先，优先权
chastise: v. 惩罚，严惩
万能句型：
Given the fact, we still feel quite shocked to discover in this picture that…
But I would say that…
To briefly conclude…
（7）Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should:
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then
3) Suggest counter-measures.
范文：
People have the illusion that they can do anything with money. Just as what is shown in the picture, by paying a penalty, people can give birth to more children, factories can let out the polluted air directly without any treatment, and trees can be felled at will.
This is a very serious social problem. Compared with other countries, China has a larger population but more limited resources. If everybody behaves in the similar way, it would be far beyond the country’s capacity to guarantee everyone a well-off life. Moreover, it was reported that to bring up one child costs 350,000 yuan, which means that a family with several children bears a heavy burden. Meanwhile, if factories do not take any measure to treat the polluted air, the atmosphere will be further contaminated. Also, the felling of trees will surely lead to soil erosion, while frequently occurring sand storms are humans’ deserved punishment for deforestation.
Though taxtation is one of the methods to punish this sort of behavior, it is never the only way. Solving these problems reflected in the picture depends largely on our responsibility to society and environment. If the sense of responsibility is greatly aroused, harmony between man and the environment will not be far away.
译文：
现今很多人认为用钱就可以做所有的事情。正如图中所示的那样，通过付罚款，人们可以超生，工厂可以不经过处理就排放废气，树木也可以被随意地砍伐。
这是一个非常严重的社会问题。相比其他国家，中国有更多的人口而资源却非常有限。如果每个人都用这种方式行事的话，那么这个国家远远没有能力让每个人都过上富裕的生活。此外，有报道称要培养一个孩子需要花费3万5千元，这意味着一个有许多孩子的家庭将承受很沉重的负担。同时，如果工厂不采取措施处理废气的话，大气层会被进一步污染。另外，树木砍伐会导致土地的腐蚀和水土流失，频繁发生的沙尘暴就是人类过度砍伐森林应得的惩罚。
尽管罚款是惩罚这些行为的一种方法，但绝不是唯一的方法。解决这个问题更重要的一点在很大程度上取决于我们对于社会和环境的责任。如果能够唤起广泛的责任感，那么我们离达到人与自然之间的和谐就不远了。
闪光词汇及词组：
illusion: n. 幻想
penalty: n. 罚金
give birth to: 生育，产生
fell: v. 伐木
be far beyond: 远离
capacity: n. 能力
well-off: adj. 富裕的，小康的
bear a burden: 承受负担
atmosphere: n. 大气层
contaminate: v. 污染
万能句型：
Just as what is shown in the picture…
This is a very serious social problem. Compared with other countries, China…
Solving these problems reflected in the picture depends largely on our responsibility to society and environment.
If the sense of responsibility is greatly aroused, harmony between man and the environment will not be far away.
（8）Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should:
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then
3) Suggest counter-measures.
范文：
From the picture, we can see clearly that our Earth is suffering from “lung cancer” caused by environmental pollution. Its deteriorating condition is threatening all forms of life, pushing them to the edge of extinction. Just as is vividly depicted, continents that used to be covered by green life now turn deadly black.
The damage to the natural environment began as early as the arrival of industrilization. While abundant products are offered to the society, industrialization also brings the side effect of all forms of pollution. Moreover, human exploitation of natural resources has caused destruction that is far beyond our imagination.Currently the ecosystem is on the verge of collapse, while the population of mankind is still increasing steadily and uncontrollably. More unfortunately, human beings seem addicted to industrial production and material wealth but are hardly aware of the potential dangers.
We must realize that we are neither the master of the Earth, nor should we become the slaves of the advanced technology. Man and nature are supposed to coexist in great harmony. Without changing our negative attitude towards nature, humans will face a fatal destiny. To briefly conclude, economic development should not be achieved at the cost of our Earth’s “health”.
译文：
从这幅图中，我们可以清楚地看到地球正在遭受由于环境污染导致的“肺癌”的折磨。正在恶化的状况威胁到了所有的生命，将生物推到了灭绝的边缘。该图生动地描绘了那些原先覆盖着绿色植被的大陆现在都变成了死寂的黑色。
人类对于环境的破坏始于工业革命时代的到来。工业化给社会带来了丰富的产品，也带来了一些副作用，包括所有形式的污染。此外，人类对于自然资源的过度开发已经带来了超乎我们想象的破坏。坦率地说，现在生态系统已经到了崩溃的边缘，而人类的污染却仍然在持续并失控地增长。更不幸的是，人类似乎已经对于工业生产和物质财富上瘾了，他们很难意识到潜在的威胁。
但是，我们必须意识到我们并不是地球的主宰，更不该成为先进技术的奴隶。人类和自然应该和谐共存。如果人类不改变对待自然的态度，就会面临不幸的命运。总结来说，经济发展不应该以牺牲地球的“健康”为代价。
闪光词汇及词组：
lung cancer: 肺癌
deteriorating: adj. 恶化的
push… to the edge of: 把……推向……的边缘
deadly: adj. 死一般的，极度的
arrival: n. 到达
side effect: 副作用
abundant: adj. 充足的
on the verge of: 在……的边缘
steadily: adv. 稳步地、稳定地
uncontrollably: adv. 无法控制地
be addicted to: 上瘾
coexist: v. 共存
destiny: n. 命运
万能句型：
From the picture, we can see clearly that…
Just as is vividly depicted…
To briefly conclude…
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