For every 10 men who died in battle in the Civil War, two or three of them died of disease. Doctors of that time knew very little about causes of sickness or ways of preventing it. Thousands of men in poor health became soldiers. Hundreds of others had never had childhood diseases. Many of these soldiers could not withstand the epidemics(传染病)of measles(麻疹), mumps(肋腺炎), and whooping cough that went through the camps.
Army life was hard. Soldiers got few fruits or vegetables. There was no milk unless they happened to find a cow. Neither their clothes nor their shelters protected the troops from rain, snow, and cold. Sickness and disease were spread by insects, rats, and impure drinking water. Often the men drank straight from muddy streams.
Gunshot wounds were serious, as in any war, but they did not cause as much death and suffering as disease did.
1. Disease caused _______.
A. only a few deaths B. fewer deaths than wounds did
C. more deaths than wounds did D. both A and B
2. Doctors at the time of the Civil War knew _______.
A. a lot about curing disease B. little about the causes of disease
C. only how to prevent disease D. both B and C
3. Men who were accepted as Civil War soldiers were _______.
A. known to have already had measles and mumps
B. required to be in perfect health
C. able to withstand epidemics easily
D. sometimes in poor health
4. Insects and rats were dangerous because they _______.
A. destroyed food B. carried disease
C. made the water impure D. ruined the soldiers’ clothing
5. The best title for this selection is _______.
A. Disease
B. The Greatest Danger in the Civil War
C. Insects, Rats, and Gunshot Wounds
D. The History of Epidemics
【答案与解析】本文介绍了美国独立战争中最大的困难就是疾病。
1. C。推断题。根据文章的首句、尾句及全文内容可推知此题答案为 C。
2. B。细节题。根据文章第 1 段第 2 句 Doctors of that time knew very little about causes of sickness or ways of preventing it 可推知此题答案为 B。
3. D。细节题。根据文章第 1 段第 3 句 Thousands of men in poor health became soldiers可推知此题答案为 D。
4. B。细节题。根据文章第 2 段倒数第 2 句 Sickness and disease were spread by insects, rats, and impure drinking water 可推知此题答案为 B。
5. B。主旨题。根据文章的最后一句 Gunshot wounds were serious, as in any war, but they did not cause as much death and suffering as disease did 及全文内容可推知此题答案为 B。
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