解放军文职招聘考试Henry Ford

  Henry Ford

Although Henry Ford's name is closely associated with the concept of mass

production, he should  receive  equal    credit  for  introducing  labor 

practices  as  early  as  1913  that  would  be considered advanced even by

today's  standards. Safety measures were improved, and the work day was

reduced to eight hours, compared with the ten-or twelve-hour day common at

the time. In order  to accommodate  the shorter work  day, the entire

factory was converted     from two to three shifts.

In addition, sick leaves as well as improved medical care for those injured

on the job were instituted. The Ford   Motor Company was one of the first

factories to develop a technical school to train specialized skilled

laborers and an English language school for immigrants. Some efforts were

even made to hire the handicapped and provide jobs for former convicts.

The most widely acclaimed innovation was the five-dollar-a-day minimum wage

that was offered in order to recruit     and retain the best mechanics and to

discourage the growth of labor unions. Ford explained the new wage policy

in    terms of efficiency and profit sharing. He also mentioned  the fact that

 his employees would be able to purchase the automobiles that  they

produced -- in effect creating a market for the product. In order to

qualify for the minimum wage, an employee  had to establish a  decent  home

and demonstrate good personal habits, including sobriety, thriftiness,

industriousness, and dependability. Although some criticism was directed at

Ford for involving himself too much in the personal lives of his employees,

there can be no doubt that, at a time when immigrants were being taken

advantage of in frightful ways, Henry Ford was helping many people to

establish themselves in America.

亨利·福特 尽管亨利·福特的名字和大生产的概念相连，但他在劳工保护上得到同样的赞誉，因为

他早在 1913 年便实行了用今天的标准来衡量依然是先进的标准。 安全措施得到改进，日工 作时间从当时普遍的 10 或 12 小时减少到 8 小时。 

为了适应更短的日工作时间，整个工厂 从双班变成了三班。而且，病假和改善了的工伤医疗得以制度化。  福特汽车公司是最早建

立技术学校来培训专门技工和为移民开设英语学校的工厂之一。  公司甚至为雇佣残疾人和

有前科的人而作出了一些努力。最受广泛称赞的革新是实行五美元一天的最低工资。  其目 的是招收和留住那些最好的技工并阻碍工会的发展。 

福特从效率和利润分享的角度来解释 这项新的工资政策。  他也提到这样一个事实，他的员工可以买他们生产的汽车--这实际上 是为其产品另开辟了一个市场。 

为了够资格得到最低工资，员工必须建立一个得体的家庭 并显示出良好的个人习惯，包括节制、俭省、勤勉和可靠。  虽然有人批评福特过多地干涉

了员工的私人生活，但毫无疑问，在移民们被用恶劣的方式剥削的时代，亨利·福特却帮助 了许多人在美国扎下根来。