解放军文职招聘考试Vision

 Vision

Human vision like  that of  other primates has evolved in  an arboreal

environment. In the dense complex world  of a     tropical forest, it is more

important to see well  than  to develop  an acute sense of smell. In the

course of     evolution members of the primate line have acquired large eyes

while the snout has shrunk to give the eye an unimpeded view. Of mammals

only humans and  some  primates  enjoy  color  vision.  The  red  flag  is 

black  to  the  bull.    Horses  live  in  a monochrome world. Light

visible to human eyes however occupies only a very narrow band in the whole

 electromagnetic  spectrum.  Ultraviolet  rays  are  invisible  to  humans 

though  ants  and honeybees are sensitive to them. Humans have no  direct 

perception  of infrared rays unlike the rattlesnake which has receptors

tuned into    wavelengths longer than 0.7 micron. The world would look  eerily

different  if human eyes were sensitive to infrared       radiation. Then instead

of  the darkness of night, we would be able to move easily in a strange

shadowless world     where objects glowed with varying degrees of intensity.

But human eyes excel in other ways. They are in fact remarkably discerning

in color gradation. The color sensitivity of normal human vision is rarely

surpassed even by    sophisticated technical devices.

 

视觉

人类的视觉，和其它灵长目动物的一样，是在丛林环境中进化出来的。  在稠密、复杂 的热带丛林里，好的视觉比灵敏的嗅觉更加重要。

在进化过程中，灵长目动物的眼睛变大， 同时鼻子变小以使视野不受阻碍。  在哺乳类动物中，只有人和一些灵长目动物能够分辨颜 色。 

红旗在公牛看来是黑色的，马则生活在一个单色的世界里。  然而，人眼可见的光在整

个光谱中只占一个非常狭窄的频段。人是看不到紫外线的，尽管蚂蚁和蜜蜂可以感觉到。与 响尾蛇不同，人也不能直接感受到红外线。 

响尾蛇的感觉器可以感受波长超过  0.7  微米的 光线。  如果人能感受到红外线的话，这世界看上去将十分不同，而且恐怖。  到那时，将与

夜的黑暗相反，我们能轻易地在一个奇异的没有阴影的世界里走动。  任何物体都强弱不等 地闪着光。  然而，人眼在其它方面有优越之处。 

事实上，人眼对颜色梯度具有非凡的分辨 能力。  普通人类的视觉感受色彩的灵敏程度，甚至连精密的技术装备都很难超越。