解放军文职招聘考试Women in Colonial North America

 Women in Colonial North America

The status of women in colonial North America has been well studied and

described and can be briefly summarized. Throughout the colonial period

there was a marked shortage of women, which varied with the regions and was

always greatest in the frontier areas. This favorable ratio enhanced

women's status and position and allowed them to pursue different careers.

The Puritans, the religious sect that dominated the early british colonies

in North America, regarded idleness as a sin, and believed that life in an

underdeveloped country made it absolutely necessary that each member of the

community perform an  economic function. Thus work for women, married or

single, was not only  approved,  it was regarded as a civic  duty. Puritan 

town councils  expected widows  and  unattached  women  to  be  self     

supporting  and  for  a  long  time  provided  needy spinsters with parcels

of land. There was no social sanction against married women working; on the

contrary, wives were expected to help their husbands in their trade and won

social approval for doing extra work in or out of the home. Needy children,

girls as well as boys, were indentured or apprenticed and were expected to

work for their keep. The vast majority of women worked within their homes,

where their labor produced most articles needed for the family. The entire

colonial production of cloth and clothing and partially that of shoes was

in the hands of women. In addition to these  occupations, women were found

in many different kinds of employment.  They were butchers,  silversmiths, 

gunsmiths  and   upholsterers.  They  ran  mills,  plantations,  tanyards,

shipyards, and every kind of shop, tavern, and boardinghouse. They were

gatekeepers, jail keepers, sextons, journalists, printers, apothecaries,

midwives, nurses, and teachers.

北美殖民时期的妇女北美殖民时期女性的社会地位曾得到过深入研究和描述，并可简短 概括。 

整个殖民时期，女性人数明显不足，各地情况不尽相同，在边远地区尤其缺少。  这 种对女性有利的比例提高了她们的社会地位和职位，使她们能追求不同的事业。 

清教徒是 早期英属殖民地的宗教主流。  它视懒惰为犯罪，认为在不发达农村社区的每一个成员都必 须发挥经济作用。

所以已婚或单身女性工作不仅是许可的，而且被认为是公民的义务。 清 教徒的镇议会认为寡妇和未婚女性也应该自食其力，而且在相当长一段时期里，向贫困的老

而未婚的女子提供土地。  社会不反对已婚妇女工作；相反，要求她们帮助丈夫从事他们的 行当。 在家庭内外做额外劳动的妻子们会得到社会的赞同。

贫困的儿童，女孩和男孩一样， 也要签师徒契约做学徒，想保住这个生计就要工作。  绝大多数女性在家庭里劳动，生产大 部分家用必需品。

殖民时期全部的布料和衣服以及一部分的鞋都出自女性的双手。 除了从 事这些职业，妇女也从事许多不同类型的职业，如做屠夫、铁匠、军械工和家俱修理工。 她

们经营手工作坊、种植园、制革场、造船厂和各类商店、小旅馆和供膳寄宿处。  她们当守 门人或狱卒，教堂司事、记者、印刷工、药剂师、助产士、护士和教师。