备考普通专升本：英语语法之独立主格结构的用法

独立主格结构只是一个小短语，而不是主谓完整的简单句，又称之为独立分词构句。当分词意义上的主语不是主句的主语时，必须在分词前保留意义上的主语，否则语意不通。
英语语法之独立主格结构的用法
1．独立主结构形式可用以表时间，理由，条件，伴随状态等。
He lay on the grass,the sun shining upon him.
=He lay on the grass,and the sun was shining upon him.
Weather permitting,I'll start tomorrow.
=If weather permits,I'll start tomorrow.
School being over,the boys went home.
=When school was over,the boys went home.
The sun having set,we arrived at the station.
=After the sun had set,we arrived at the station.
重点：当独立主格结构的主语表示“一般人”，如：we,one,you时，主语可省略，此用法常用于下列表达方式中：generally speaking一般来说strictly speaking严格地-talking of...谈到-speaking of...说到judging from...由……来判断taking all things into consideration把一切都考虑在内considering...考虑到……
[示例]If we judge from his face,he must be ill.
=Judging from his face,he must be ill.
He has lots of books if we consider that he is young.
=He has lots of books,considering that he is young.
2．with复合结构也是独立主格结构形式之一。这种结构在句中作状语（表示原因，方式，伴随等）和定语，作定语时紧随被修饰名词后。
(1)with+名词+介词短语
The woman with a baby on her back is my sister.
The boy rushed into the room,with his schoolbag in his hand.
(2)with+名词+adj.
with the door open,he left the classroom.
(3)with+名词+adv.
With the gloves off,she felt cold.
With the lights on,the building looks beautiful.
(4)with+名词+现在分词（主动）with+名词+过去分词（被动）
With the guide leading us,we got to the village.
The boy was crying with the vase broken.
(5)with+名词+不定式
With the hard work to be done,we have to prepare for it.