2020湖南普通专升本语法：由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

1.由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句主要用于正式文体，在非正式文体中通常将介词放至句末。如：This is the man to whom I referred.我指的就是这个人。This is the man(whom)I referred to.我指的就是这个人。
2.直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词which不能换成that，直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词whom不能换成who。但若介词用于句末，则用作宾语的which,whom也可换成that,who，或者省略不同。如：这是一个我们讨论了许多的问题。This is a subject about which we have talked a lot.(which不能换成that，也不能省略)This is a subject which we have talked about a lot.这是一个我们讨论了许多的问题。(which可以换成that，也可以省略)
3.关系副词when,where,why根据情况有时可换成“介词+关系代词which”。如：That is the day when[=on which]he was born.那就是他出生的日子。That is the house where[=in which]he lived.那就是他住过的房子。That is the reason why[=for which]he must apologize.那就是他必须道歉的原因。
4.在很正式的文体中，“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句可紧缩成“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构。如：在那儿孩子们有个玩耍的花园。正：There the children had a garden in which to play.(很正式)正：There the children had a garden in which they could play.(较正式)正：There the children had a garden to play in.(较口语化)注：这类“介词+关系代词++不定式”结构中的介词不能没有，也不能放在句末。如不能说There the children had a garden which to play in.