2020湖南专升本英语语法详解:反意疑问句的三种基本结构
英语语法详解:反意疑问句的三种基本结构
结构一:肯定的陈述句+否定的简短问句?
It's Monday today,isn't it?今天星期一,是吗?
He often goes to school by bike,doesn't he?他常常骑自行车上学,对吗?
They went to the park yesterday,didn't they?他们昨天去的公园,是吗?
用法说明:前面陈述部分是肯定形式,后面简短问句用否定形式。简短问句的主谓部分通常由陈述部分的主谓语来决定,即人称一致、时态一致。
对于反意疑问句的回答,总的一个原则是:不管问题的提法如何,只要事实上是肯定的,就用yes回答,事实上是否定的,就用no回答。但当陈述部分是否定句时,回答译成汉语时不一样。这与汉语截然不同,应特别注意。如:
—You don't want to go out,do you?你不想出去,对吧?
—Yes,I do./No,I don't.不,我想出去。/对,我不想出去。
结构二:否定的陈述句+肯定定的简短问句?
That isn't your book,is it?那不是你的书,是吗?
Jim doesn't speak French,does he?吉姆不会说法语,对吗?
用法说明:当陈述部分有hardly,seldom,few,little,no,never,nothing,nobody,nowhere等否定词时,疑问部分要用肯定形式。如:
He never said she would come,did he?他从来没说她会来,是吗?
Nobody can answer the question,can they?没有人能回答这个问题,是吗?
Few people know about it,do they?几乎没有人知道有关这件事情,是吗?
You have never seen the film,have you?你从来没看过这部电影,是吗?
Neither you nor I can work it out,can we?你我都不能算出它,对吗?
结构三:祈使句+简短问句?
Stop talking,will you?停止讲话,好吗?
Pass me the pen,will you/won't you?把这支钢笔传给我,好吗?
Don't be late again,will you?不要再迟到了,行吗?
Let us help you,will you?让我们帮助你,好吗?
Let's have a rest,shall we?咱们休息一会儿,行吗?
用法说明:
1.祈使句的反意疑问句,若前面是否定结构,则附加问句只能用will you。若前面是肯定结构,附加问句用will you,也可用won't/would/can/can't you或shall we等,它形式上是反意疑问句,但并不表示正式的疑问句,也不表示反意,而是表示邀请或表示请求。如:
Close all the windows,will you/won't you?把所有的窗户都关上,好吗?
Don't go to the park by bus,will you?别乘公共汽车去公园,好吗?
2.let's用于提出建议并包括对方时,其附加问句用shall we。let us表示征求对方许可,其附加问句用will you。let+第三人称时,其附加问句用will you。这种反意疑问句往往用来表示进一步征求对方的意见,使口气变得客气、委婉一些。如:
Let's go to see the pandas,shall we?咱们首先去看熊猫,好吗?
Let us wait until 5:00,will you?让我们等到5点,好吗?
结构一:肯定的陈述句+否定的简短问句?
It's Monday today,isn't it?今天星期一,是吗?
He often goes to school by bike,doesn't he?他常常骑自行车上学,对吗?
They went to the park yesterday,didn't they?他们昨天去的公园,是吗?
用法说明:前面陈述部分是肯定形式,后面简短问句用否定形式。简短问句的主谓部分通常由陈述部分的主谓语来决定,即人称一致、时态一致。
对于反意疑问句的回答,总的一个原则是:不管问题的提法如何,只要事实上是肯定的,就用yes回答,事实上是否定的,就用no回答。但当陈述部分是否定句时,回答译成汉语时不一样。这与汉语截然不同,应特别注意。如:
—You don't want to go out,do you?你不想出去,对吧?
—Yes,I do./No,I don't.不,我想出去。/对,我不想出去。
结构二:否定的陈述句+肯定定的简短问句?
That isn't your book,is it?那不是你的书,是吗?
Jim doesn't speak French,does he?吉姆不会说法语,对吗?
用法说明:当陈述部分有hardly,seldom,few,little,no,never,nothing,nobody,nowhere等否定词时,疑问部分要用肯定形式。如:
He never said she would come,did he?他从来没说她会来,是吗?
Nobody can answer the question,can they?没有人能回答这个问题,是吗?
Few people know about it,do they?几乎没有人知道有关这件事情,是吗?
You have never seen the film,have you?你从来没看过这部电影,是吗?
Neither you nor I can work it out,can we?你我都不能算出它,对吗?
结构三:祈使句+简短问句?
Stop talking,will you?停止讲话,好吗?
Pass me the pen,will you/won't you?把这支钢笔传给我,好吗?
Don't be late again,will you?不要再迟到了,行吗?
Let us help you,will you?让我们帮助你,好吗?
Let's have a rest,shall we?咱们休息一会儿,行吗?
用法说明:
1.祈使句的反意疑问句,若前面是否定结构,则附加问句只能用will you。若前面是肯定结构,附加问句用will you,也可用won't/would/can/can't you或shall we等,它形式上是反意疑问句,但并不表示正式的疑问句,也不表示反意,而是表示邀请或表示请求。如:
Close all the windows,will you/won't you?把所有的窗户都关上,好吗?
Don't go to the park by bus,will you?别乘公共汽车去公园,好吗?
2.let's用于提出建议并包括对方时,其附加问句用shall we。let us表示征求对方许可,其附加问句用will you。let+第三人称时,其附加问句用will you。这种反意疑问句往往用来表示进一步征求对方的意见,使口气变得客气、委婉一些。如:
Let's go to see the pandas,shall we?咱们首先去看熊猫,好吗?
Let us wait until 5:00,will you?让我们等到5点,好吗?
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