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2020湖南普通专升本备考复习:英语不定式的几种语态

来源: 2020-08-16 21:16
一、不定式的作用
1、作主语
不定式作主语时,谓语用单数。往往用it作形式主语,把不定式放在谓语后面。如:
It took us two hours to finish the job.
It is impossible for us to get there on time.
注意:
(1)其他系动词如look,appear等也可用于此句型。
(2)当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is…to…的句型。试比较:It is to negate my own idea to believe him.(错)
To believe him is to negate my own idea.(对)
(3)It is+adj.+of/for sb.to do sth.结构中,当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时,用of,否则用for.
2、作宾语
(1)动词+不定式。如:
He managed to escape from the fire.
I find it hard to get along with him.(it作形式宾语)
注:下列动词通常用不定式作宾语:want,try,hope,wish,need,forget,know,promise,refuse,help,decide,begin,start,learn,agree,choose,get等
(2)动词+疑问词+to,“特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词,作宾语。如:
I don’t know what to do next/how to do it next.
注意:不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后,用it作形式宾语。如:
I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.
3、作宾语补足语
(1)动词+宾语+不定式(to do)。如:
He warned me to be careful.
What makes you think so?(不带to的不定式)
注:可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有:ask,tell,order,want,get,would like,like,advise,invite,allow,help,wish,warn,expect,prefer,encourage
(2)表见解、看法的动词结构可为:动词+宾语+to be的不定式结构。如:
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
The book is believed to be useful.(被动语态)
(3)There+不定式。如:
We didn’t expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。
注意:
(1)有些动词需用as短语作补语,像regard,think,believe,take,consider。如:
We regard Tom as our best teacher.
Mary took him as her father.
(2)在动词feel(一感),hear,listen to(二听),have,let,make(三让),notice,see,watch,observe,look at(五看)(即:吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中,不定式不带to,但变为被动语态后,必须带to。如:
They saw the boy fall off the tree.
The boy was seen to fall off the tree.

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